Muhammad Azeem Barkhiya
Muslim mystic, spiritual teacher and founder of the Azeemia Sufi Order (c. 1898–1979)
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Imam Hassan Ukhra Muhammad Azeem Barkhiya (1898 – 27 January 1979) (Urdu: امام حسن اخرٰی محمد عظیم برخیا), commonly referred to as Qalandar Baba Auliya[1] (قلندر بابا اولیاء), was the founding Imam and originator of the Tariqa Azeemiyya, his spiritual lineage.[2] The title Qalandar reflects his recognized authority in Tasawwuf, and he is also regarded as an Abdāl, commonly known by the honorific "Abdāl Haqq" (ابدال حق).[3] He received supervision in spiritual matters by his maternal grandfather, Tajuddin Baba, who oversaw his early spiritual development for nine years.[4] A second initiation is mentioned in some accounts from 1956, when he sought discipleship under Abul Faiz Qalandar Ali Suhrawardi, a Pakistani Sufi figure of the Suhrawardiyya order whose shrine is in Hanjarwal, Lahore. It is described that the Suhrawardi imparted his Qutb knowledge to him spiritually in the course of three breaths. [5]
Hazrat Qalandar Baba Auliya Muhammad Azeem Barkhiya | |
|---|---|
حسن اخریٰ محمد عظیم برخیا قلندر بابا اولیاء | |
| |
| Title | Qalandar Baba Auliya |
| Personal life | |
| Born | c. 1898 CE |
| Died | 27 January 1979 CE |
| Resting place | Shadman Town, Karachi, Pakistan |
| Home town | Delhi (later settled in Karachi) |
| Era | 20th century |
| Region | South Asia |
| Main interest(s) | Sufism, spirituality |
| Notable works |
|
| Known for | Founder of the Azeemia Sufi Order and teachings on Roohani science |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Order | Sufi |
| Tariqa | Silsila Azeemiyya (founder) |
| Muslim leader | |
| Successor | Shamsuddin Azeemi |
Disciples
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Muhammad Azeem Barkhiya traced both his paternal and maternal ancestry to Imam Hasan al-Askari.[5] Loh-o-Qalam (لوح و قلم), a compilation of his teachings, remains a foundational text on the attainment of irfan in modern Urdu,[6] and has inspired a substantial body of literature on Sufism.[7] Accounts of mystical experiences attributed to him are recorded in Tazkirah Qalandar Baba Awliya. [5]
Affiliation with Sufi Orders
Azeemiyya tradition maintains that Muhammad Azeem Barkhiya was designated the principal spiritual heir (خانوادہ) of eleven distinct Sufi orders from historical masters. This authority is believed to have been conferred through the Nisbah Uwaisiyya (نسبت اویسیہ), a non-physical mode of transmission where spiritual succession and permission are granted directly by masters who lived centuries prior. The eleven lineages associated with this transmission are: [5]
- Qalandariyya (قلندریہ): Dhu al-Nun al-Misri
- Nuriyya (نوریہ): Musa al-Kazim
- Chishtiyya (چشتیہ): Khwāja Mumshād ʿUlū Ad-Dīnawarī
- Naqshbandiyya (نقشبندیہ): Khwaja Baqi Billah
- Suhrawardiyya (سہروردیہ): Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi
- Qadriyya (قادریہ): Abdul Qadir Gilani
- Tayfuriyya (طیفوریہ): Bayazid Bastami
- Junaydiyya (جنیدیہ): Junayd Baghdadi
- Malamatiyya (ملامتیہ): Dhu al-Nun al-Misri
- Firdousiyya (فردوسیہ): Najm al-Din Kubra
- Tajiyya (تاجیہ): Muhammad Sughra Tajuddin
Death and Succession
He appointed Khawaja Shamsuddin Azeemi as head of the Silsila, and passed on 27 January 1979. Every January, his Urs (Death Anniversary) is organized in which members of the Silsila congregate to recite the Quran and commemorate his contributions on matters of Tassawuf.[8] His resting place is located in the Shadman district of Karachi, Pakistan.[5]