Murgleys
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Murglais,[1][2] Murgleis[3][4] or Murgleys,[5] (possibly "Death brand"[5]) is the sword of Ganelon, a traitorous French (Frankish) count and nemesis to the titular hero of the epic La chanson de Roland (The Song of Roland).[5]
According to the French version, its "golden pommel (l'orie punt)"[6][a] held some kind of a holy "relic".[10][12]
In the Middle High German adaptation (Konrad der Pfaffe's Rolandslied) the sword is called Mulagir, touted to be the "best short sword in all of France",[b] described as having a carbuncle on its pommel that shone bright by night, forged by a smith named Madelger in Regensburg. It had belonged to Naimes who brought it out of his fiefdom of Bavaria and presented it to Karl(Charlemagne), but unfortunately Ganelon took possession of it and carried it to the Saracen side.[15][16]
Nomenclature
Forms
Anglo-Norman: Murglies, Murgleis (vv. 346, 607 Oxford ms.),[17][1] Franco-Italian: uncoded: Mordea[1] Old Norse: Muraglais[18][1][c] Middle High German: Mulagir[13][1]
In editions: Murgie, Morgie [19] Morglès (Moncrieff tr.[20]).
Etymology
Dorothy L. Sayers, a translator of The Song of Roland suggests the sword means "Death brand"[5] (cf. § Similarly named swords below). Belgian scholar Rita Lejeune gave the meaning "Moorish sword",[21][22] but Arabist James A. Bellamy proposed the Arabic etymology māriq ʾalyas meaning "valiant piercer".[17][23]
Similarly named swords
At least three swords bearing the similar name Murglaie occur in other chansons de geste.
- Murglaie - sword of Elias, the Swan Knight of the Crusades cycle,[24]
- Murglaie - sword of Cornumarant, the Saracen king of Jerusalem, taken by Baudouin de Syrie (the historical Baldwin I of Jerusalem). It subsequently belonged to the title character of Le bastard de Bouillon[25][1]
- Murglaie - sword of Boeve de Haumtone; better known as Morglay of Bevis of Hampton.[26][1]
Note that "Morglay" has been given the etymology morte "death" + "glaive"[27] coinciding with the conjectural meaning of "Death brand" for Ganelon's sword, proposed by Sayers.[5]
Explanatory notes
- The original text, v. 1584, gives "Mulagir daz beste sachs (A text), or "Mulagir daz mere sahs (S text),[13] and while " seax" would be cognate to MHG sachs/sahs, the term sahs is glossed in Lexer simply as "long knife or short sword",[14] and Thomas's English rendering here gives "excellent short sword".
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