NASA insignia

Seal

Often called the "NASA Administrator's Seal" the agency's seal is typically used for official correspondence, events and activities connected with the Administrator of NASA.^[5]

The design of the seal was approved with an executive order by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1959.^[6] The design was slightly modified and colorized with an executive order by President John F. Kennedy in 1961.^[7]

In the Administrator seal, the yellow sphere represents a planet, the stars represent space, the red chevron is a wing representing aeronautics (the latest design in hypersonic wings at the time the logo was developed), and the white arc represents the path of an orbiting spacecraft.

"Meatball" insignia

The NASA insignia originated when NASA Administrator T. Keith Glennan asked James Modarelli of Lockheed for help creating a simplified version of the agency’s seal for informal uses such as signage and badges. The design process occurred alongside the finalization of the official seal.[1] The resulting insignia omits the seal’s outer ring and inner elements, retaining the white stars, orbital path, and red chevron on a blue field, with large white letters "NASA".^[8]

The insignia was created in 1958 by George Neago, an industrial artist at the Lockheed Missiles Division in Palo Alto, California, under the supervision of Modarelli, who managed the division’s Reports Department. Modarelli later joined NASA as manager of the Reports Division at the Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio.^[9]

The insignia acquired the nickname "meatball" in 1975, reportedly coined by Frank Rowsome, head of technical publications at NASA Headquarters, to distinguish it from the agency's logotype.^[8] The term "meatball" in aeronautics refers to the glowing light used in optical landing system.^[1]

"Worm" logotype

In 1974, as part of the Federal Graphics Improvement Program of the National Endowment for the Arts, NASA commissioned Richard Danne and Bruce Blackburn to design a more modern logo.^[10] In 1975, agency adopted the resulting modernist logotype, a red, stylized rendering of the letters "NASA".^[11] The horizontal bars of the "A"s are omitted, with the negative space suggesting the tip of a rocket.^[12][13] The logotype was derogatorily nicknamed the "worm" by employees who preferred the old insignia.^[8]

Danne and Blackburn also produced a Graphics Standards Manual, which later became widely regarded in the field of graphic design.^[14] In 2015, a Kickstarter campaign raised nearly $1 million to fund a hardcover reissue of the manual.^[15][16] NASA subsequently released a scanned version online.^[17]

In 2025, the logotype was included in Pirouette: Turning Points in Design, an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art highlighting "widely recognized design icons [...] highlighting pivotal moments in design history."^[18][19]

The NASA "meatball" insignia was retired from official use in 1975 and reinstated on May 22, 1992, by Administrator Daniel Goldin, who sought to boost morale among employees who had not accepted the "worm" logotype.^[8]

Following its retirement, the logotype remained in limited use for agency-approved commercial merchandising.

In 2020, the logotype was reintroduced by Administrator Jim Bridenstine and applied to the booster of SpaceX's Crew Dragon Demo-2 mission.^[20][21] NASA subsequently authorized the logotype for use as a supplemental graphic alongside the insignia when approved by agency leadership.^[5]