Nanohalarchaeota

Class of archaea From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Nanohalarchaeota is a phylum of diminutive archaea with small genomes and limited metabolic capabilities, belonging to kingdom Nanobdellati. They are ubiquitous in hypersaline habitats, which they share with the extremely halophilic haloarchaea.

Kingdom:Nanobdellati
Phylum:"Candidatus Nanohalarchaeota"
corrig. Rinke et al. 2013
Quick facts Scientific classification, Classes ...
Nanohalarchaeota
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Archaea
Kingdom: Nanobdellati
Phylum: "Candidatus Nanohalarchaeota"
corrig. Rinke et al. 2013
Classes
  • "Ca. Nanohalobiia"[a]
  • "Ca. Nanohaloarchaea"
  • incertae sedis genera
    • "Ca. Nanohalarchaeum"[b]
    • "Ca. Nanohalococcus"
    • "Ca. Nanohalovita"
    • "Ca. Nanopetraeus"[c]
Synonyms
  • Nanohaloarchaeota Rinke et al. 2013
Close

Nanohaloarchaea were first identified from metagenomic data as a class of uncultivated halophilic archaea composed of six clades[1][2] and were subsequently placed in the phylum Nanohalarchaeota within the DPANN clade (kingdom Nanobdellati).[3] However, the phylogenetic position of nanohaloarchaea is still highly debated, being alternatively proposed as the sister-lineage of haloarchaea or a member of the Nanobdellati kingdom.[4][5][6]

The lineage has since been identified in data from a range of hypersaline environments including: Australian thalassohaline lake,[7] Spanish saltern,[8] Russian soda brine,[9] Californian saltern,[10] Chilean halite,[11] and Ethiopian Dallol hydrothermal system.[12] Like most other members of DPANN, they are only known to live with a host (specifically a similarly halophilic archaeon) in symbiosis.[13] The exact nature of this interaction with the host vary among species, from mutualism[14] to parasitic predation.[15]

Viruses

Several species of nanhoaloarchaea encode CRISPR-Cas systems suggesting that they are parasitized by viruses.[16] Consistently, metagenomic analysis has revealed that nanohaloarchaea are associated with diverse viruses.[17] These viruses belong to four morphologically different groups, including those with head-tailed (class Caudoviricetes), tailless icoahedral (realm Singelaviria), enveloped pleomorphic and spindle-shaped virions. Currently known nanohaloarchaeal viruses have been classified into seven distinct families.[17]

Taxonomy

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[18] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[19]

Phylogeny of Nanohalobiales[20][21][22]
"Nanohalalkaliarchaeaceae"

"Ca. Nanohalalkaliarchaeum"

"Nanoanaerosalinaceae"

"Ca. Asbonarchaeum"

"Ca. Nanoanaerosalina"

"Nanohalobiaceae"

"Ca. Nanosalinicola"

"Ca. Nanohalococcus"

"Ca. Nanohalobium"

"Ca. Nanohalovita"

"Ca. Nanosalina"

Phylum "Nanohalarchaeota" corrig. Rinke et al. 2013

  • Class "Nanohalarchaeia" corrig. Narasingarao et al. 2012
    • Order "Nanohalarchaeales"
      • Family "Nanohalarchaeaceae"
        • Genus ?"Candidatus Nanohalarchaeum" corrig. Hamm et al. 2019
          • "Ca. N. antarcticum" corrig. Hamm et al. 2019
        • Genus ?"Candidatus Nanopetraeus" corrig. Crits‐Christoph et al. 2016 ["Nanopetramus" (sic)]
    • Order "Nanohydrothermales" Xie et al. 2022
      • Family "Nanohydrothermaceae" Xie et al. 2022
        • Genus ?"Candidatus Nanohydrothermus" Xie et al. 2022
          • "Ca. N. guaymasensis" Xie et al. 2022
    • Order "Nucleotidisoterales" Xie et al. 2022
      • Family "Nanosalenecaceae" Xie et al. 2022
        • Genus ?"Candidatus Nanosalenecus" Xie et al. 2022
          • "Ca. N. halilacustris" Xie et al. 2022
      • Family "Nucleotidisoteraceae" Xie et al. 2022
        • Genus ?"Candidatus Nucleotidisoter" Xie et al. 2022
          • "Ca. N. xinjiangensis" Xie et al. 2022
      • Family "Nucleotidivindicaceae" Xie et al. 2022
        • Genus ?"Candidatus Nucleotidivindex" Xie et al. 2022
          • "Ca. N. qijiaojingensis" Xie et al. 2022
  • Class "Nanohalobiia" corrig. La Cono et al. 2020 ["Nanosalinia" Rinke et al. 2021]
    • Order "Nanohalobiales" La Cono et al. 2020[14] ["Nanosalinales" Rinke et al. 2020]
      • Family "Nanoanaerosalinaceae" Zhao et al. 2022
        • Genus "Candidatus Asbonarchaeum" Baker et al. 2024
          • "Ca. A. danakilense" Baker et al. 2024
        • Genus "Candidatus Nanoanaerosalina" Zhao et al. 2022
          • "Ca. N. halalkaliphila" Zhao et al. 2022
      • Family "Nanohalalkaliarchaeaceae" Zhao et al. 2022
        • Genus "Candidatus Nanohalalkaliarchaeum" Zhao et al. 2022
          • "Ca. N. halalkaliphilum" Zhao et al. 2022
      • Family "Nanohalobiaceae" La Cono et al. 2020 ["Nanosalinaceae" Rinke et al. 2020]
        • Genus ?"Candidatus Haloredivivus" Ghai et al. 2011
        • Genus "Candidatus Nanohalobium" La Cono et al. 2020
          • "Ca. N. constans" La Cono et al. 2020
        • Genus "Candidatus Nanohalococcus" Reva et al. 2023
          • "Ca. N. occultus" Reva et al. 2023
        • Genus "Candidatus Nanohalovita" Reva et al. 2023
          • "Ca. N. haloferacivicina" Reva et al. 2023
        • Genus "Candidatus Nanosalina" Narasingarao et al. 2012
        • Genus "Candidatus Nanosalinicola" corrig. Narasingarao et al. 2012 ["Nanosalinarum" (sic)]

References

Further reading

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