National Human Rights Committee (Qatar)
Human rights commission in Doha, Qatar
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The National Human Rights Committee (NHRC; Arabic: اللجنة الوطنية لحقوق الإنسان) is a government-appointed human rights commission based in Qatar.[1] Established in 2002, it has been tasked with the responsibility of overseeing and carrying out investigations on human rights abuses in the country.[2]
| اللجنة الوطنية لحقوق الإنسان | |
| Formation | 2002 |
|---|---|
| Purpose | Defense of human rights |
| Location | |
| Website | www |
History
The National Human Rights Committee was founded in 2002 by virtue of law no. 38. The law stipulated that it would be headquartered in the capital city of Doha and would be independently financed.[3] All governmental agencies were ordered to procure their full cooperation with the commission. The NHRC was re-organized by the government in 2010 to reinforce its independence, and in the same year, the International Coordinating Committee of National Human Rights Institutions upgraded the commission's classification to Category A, the highest classification for international human rights institutions.[4]
The NHRC signed a memorandum of understanding with the US-based human rights organization Solidarity Center in 2009.[5] In November 2010, the NHRC's new building in Fereej Abdel Aziz was opened by Prime Minister Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani.[6]
Qatar diplomatic crisis
Since the beginning of the Qatari diplomatic crisis in 2017, NHRC has held dozens of workshops, conferences and seminars with organizations and politicians worldwide. NHRC's activities aimed to reveal the crisis violations of human rights as well as discussing the general situation of human rights in Qatar.[7]
In September 2017, NHRC Chairman Ali bin Sumaikh Al Marri underlined the urgent need to put an end to the suffering of the Qatari citizens and residents of Qatar as a result of the siege imposed on Qatar since June 2017. During a meeting with U.S official, Al Marri introduced the impact of the siege on the humanitarian status of the civilians in Qatar, as he called on United States to take serious action in order to put an end to the human rights violation caused by Saudi-led blockade.[8]
According to the NHRC, the crisis affected the education of 190 Qatari students enrolled in Egyptian universities because of the government's imposition of new visa requirements.Some of the students were prevented from attending final exams in September 2017. As a response NHRC escalated the issue to several international organisations.
Organization
As of 2015, Ali bin Samikh Al Marri is the chairman of the commission[9] and Mohamed Saif Al Kuwari is vice-chairman.[10] Fourteen members serve in the committee.[11] The members are government-appointed and consist of civil servants and government ministers.[1]
Mandates and functions
The commission's stated aims revolve around raising awareness of human rights abuses, monitoring and observing human rights abuses, and empowering individuals. Their means of advancing this goal include contributing to research programs related to human rights, conducting studies and providing advice and recommendations to legislative bodies.[12][13]
The NHRC has been accredited by the United Nations' Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI) with "A status", meaning formal compliance with the Paris Principles relating to the status of NHRIs, since 2009.[14] However, GANHRI has repeatedly criticized certain aspects of the NHRC's structure and conduct, as can be seen in its latest report on the matter from 2021.[15]
One of the main and persistent subjects of criticism has been the appointment and dismissal of NHRC members by the emir, and in processes that lack transparency, clear criteria, and broad consultation and/or participation. The 2021 report noted that GAHNRI's recommendations on this subject from 2009 and 2015 remain unaddressed. The 2021 report also criticized the membership of government ministry representatives in the decision-making body of the NHRC (though it noted that they form a minority and do not hold voting rights), and especially highlighted "the lack of clarity" as to the current vice-chair’s relationship to a government ministry, warning that these issues have "the potential to impact on both the real and perceived independence" of the NHRC.[15]
In 2016, the Geneva-based Alkarama human rights organization welcomed GANHRI's recommendations for the NHRC, and congratulated the institution for its renewed accreditation, but added that it "regrets" that some issues of lack of independence from the executive were not taken into consideration by GANHRI. In particular, it claimed that the state's power over the allocation of the institution's expenses, as well as its founding text coming from the executive (due to the lack of separation of power between the executive and the legislative in the country), meant that the NHRC fails to meet some criteria set in the second Paris Principle.[16]
In 2021, it was reported by the Brookings Doha Center that the NHRC was one of the few national human rights institutions (NHRIs) that had a help desk staffed with representatives from communities of "common migrant origin countries".[17] It also noted that while the annual report of the NHRC is "one of the better ones" among NHRIs in the MENA region in terms of the consistency of its reporting methods, after 2010 it stopped providing information about how it has handled cases that reached it. The 2010 report showed that it had received 791 complaints, 663 of which were referred to "competent authorities", and among these 398 did not receive a reply from the agency that they were referred to, and 98 had no information available about them. 17 of the complaints were classified as "rejected" by the NHRC, and 13 were classified as "resolved". The Brookings report noted that the cessation of reporting about the results of cases "make(s) it difficult to assess the NHRC’s effectiveness at addressing the complaints it receives".[18]