Nellie Arnold Plummer

Plummer mortgaged $1000 worth of her family's land in order to publish Out of the Depths, or the Triumph of the Cross in 1927.^[8] The book traces the history of Plummer's family in Prince George’s County, Maryland beginning with her great grandfather Cupid Plummer, who served as a soldier in the American revolution. In 1790, the first US census listed Cupid as free, and in 1797, his wife and children were emancipated.^[9] Relationships like these between free and enslaved blacks were not uncommon in the United States. But because the condition of children followed that of the mother, the descendants of many free blacks were enslaved. One of these enslaved descendants of Cupid Plummer was Adam Francis Plummer, Nellie's father. From 1841 to 1905, Adam kept a diary that ended up running to 200 pages. Nellie draws heavily on her father's diary in Out of the Depths. Her publication of this history scandalized family members, who neither wanted to recall nor be reminded of their past. Nevertheless, the book became a treasured possession for families who owned copies and frequently referred to Out of the Depths simply as "The Book."^[2]

• Hopkinson, Natalie (August 17, 2003). "In History's Hand". Washington Post. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
• Plummer, Nellie Arnold (1997). Out of the Depths, or the Triumph of the Cross. New York: G. K. Hall & Co. ISBN 978-0783814254
• "Adam Francis Plummer". Smithsonian Anacostia Community Museum. Retrieved March 4, 2017.