Neltuma

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Neltuma
Neltuma caldenia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Clade: Mimosoid clade
Genus: Neltuma
Raf. (1838)
Species

43; see text

Synonyms[1]
  • Algarobia (DC.) Benth. (1839)
  • Mitostax Raf. (1838)

Neltuma is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family (Fabaceae). It includes 43 species native to the Americas, which were previously placed in genus Prosopis.[2] The species range from the southwestern and central United States through Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America to southern Argentina and Uruguay.[1] Along with related species in the genus Strombocarpa, some species are known as mesquites.

image of Neltuma alpataco
Neltuma alpataco

43 species are accepted:[1]

Phytochemistry

Neltuma species have been found to contain 5-hydroxytryptamine, apigenin, isorhamnetin-3-diglucoside, l-arabinose, quercetin, tannin, and tryptamine.[3]

Neltuma species known to contain alkaloids
Neltuma albaBeta-phenethylamine and tryptamine[4]
Neltuma alpataco"Aerial parts" contain tryptamine, phenethylamine derivatives.[5]
Neltuma argentina"Aerial parts" contain tryptamine, phenethylamine derivatives. Exudate contains tryptamine, phenethylamine derivatives.[5]
Neltuma chilensis"Aerial parts" contain beta-phenethylamine and derivatives plus tryptamine[5][6]
Neltuma glandulosaAlkaloids in bark and roots,[3] tyramine and N-methyltyramine (a stimulant) in leaves[7]
Neltuma juliflora5-HTP (plant) and tryptamine (plant).[8]
Neltuma nigraHarman, eleagnine, and N-acetyltryptamine[9]
Neltuma pugionata"Aerial parts" contain tryptamine, phenethylamine derivatives.[5]

The tannins present in Neltuma species are of the pyrogallotannin and pyrocatecollic types.[10] The tannins are mainly found in the bark and wood, while their concentration in the pods is low.[11]

Some species, such as N. velutina, produce a gum (mesquite gum).[12]

As an introduced and invasive species

See also

References

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