Neoplecostomus
Genus of fishes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Neoplecostomus is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Loricariidae, the suckermouth armored catfishes, and the subfamily Hypoptopomatinae, the cascudinhos. The catfishes in this genus are found in South America.[2]
| Neoplecostomus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Neoplecostomus sapucai | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Loricariidae |
| Subfamily: | Hypoptopomatinae |
| Genus: | Neoplecostomus C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1888[1] |
| Type species | |
| Plecostomus microps Steindachner, 1877[1] | |
Taxonomy
Neoplecostomus was first proposed as new subgenus of Plecostomus in 1888 by the German-American ichthyologist Carl H. Eigenmann and his ichthyologist wife Rosa Smith Eigenmann with Plecostomus microps designated as its type species.[1] P. microps was originally described in 1877 by the Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner with its type locality given as Rio de Janeiro, maybe the Parahyba River.[3] This genus is sometimes placed in the subfamily Neoplecostominae[4] but Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes classifies this genus in the subfamily Hypoptopomatinae, the cascudinhos, within the suckermouth armored catfish family Loricariidae.[1]
Etymology
Neoplecostomus prefixes neo-, for "new" onto plecostomus, as this genus was proposed as a subgenus of Plecostomus, now known as Hypostomus and classified in the subfamily Hypostominae.[5]
Species
There are currently 21 recognized species in this genus:[3]
- Neoplecostomus altimontanus Uzeda, Paiola, Siqueira-Cesar, Okubo, Marques-Frisoni, B. N. Andrade & Langeani, 2024
- Neoplecostomus bandeirante Roxo, C. de Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012[6]
- Neoplecostomus botucatu Roxo, C. de Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012[6]
- Neoplecostomus canastra Roxo, Silva, Zawadzki & Oliveira, 2017
- Neoplecostomus corumba Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008
- Neoplecostomus doceensis Roxo, G. S. C. Silva, Zawadzki & C. de Oliveira, 2014[7]
- Neoplecostomus espiritosantensis Langeani, 1990
- Neoplecostomus franciscoensis Langeani, 1990
- Neoplecostomus granosus (Valenciennes, 1840)
- Neoplecostomus jaguari B. N. Andrade & Langeani, 2014[8]
- Neoplecostomus langeanii Roxo, C. de Oliveira]& Zawadzki, 2012[6]
- Neoplecostomus microps (Steindachner, 1877)
- Neoplecostomus paranensis Langeani, 1990
- Neoplecostomus paraty Cherobim, Lazzarotto & Langeani, 2017[9]
- Neoplecostomus pirangaensis J. C. Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2019[10]
- Neoplecostomus ribeirensis Langeani, 1990
- Neoplecostomus sapucai Uzeda, Paiola, Siqueira-Cesar, Okubo, Marques-Frisoni B. N. Andrade & Langeani, 2024
- Neoplecostomus selenae Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008
- Neoplecostomus variipictus Bizerril, 1995
- Neoplecostomus watersi G. S. C. Silva, Reia, Zawadzki & Roxo, 2019
- Neoplecostomus yapo Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008
Characteristics
Neoplecostomus catfishes can be distinguished from all other loricariids by a modified shield of small plates on the abdomen with posteriorly directed odontodes; the shield appears to act as a holdfast. The color pattern is generally mottled brown with the abdomen white. The head is long, rounded, and shovel-shaped. The fin spines are weak.[11] They range from about 8 to 11 cm (3.1–4.3 in) SL.[2]