Nepenthes macrovulgaris
Tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nepenthes macrovulgaris (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˌmækroʊvʌlˈɡɛərɪs/; from Greek macro- "large" and Latin vulgaris "common, usual"), or the serpentine pitcher-plant,[4] is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. It is a lowland plant that typically grows at altitudes ranging from 300 to 1,200 m in sub-montane forest clearings and mossy forest. Its range is restricted to ultramafic habitats, including Mount Kinabalu, Mount Tambuyukon, the Danum Valley, the Tawai Range, the Meliau Range and Mount Silam, all in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Pitchers grow to around 25 cm high and range in colour from green to brown, with the speckled form being the most common.[5][6][7]
| Nepenthes macrovulgaris | |
|---|---|
| |
| Aerial traps of a narrow-pitchered form of N. macrovulgaris growing at 100–150 m above sea level in Sabah, Borneo | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Nepenthaceae |
| Genus: | Nepenthes |
| Species: | N. macrovulgaris |
| Binomial name | |
| Nepenthes macrovulgaris | |
| Synonyms | |
Taxonomy and Phylogeny
Before modern molecular phylogenies, it was thought that Nepenthes macrovulgaris is most closely related to N. hirsuta and N. hispida, and may have been difficult to distinguish from them. Botanists Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek suggest that N. macrovulgaris is also related to N. philippinensis, a species endemic to Palawan in the Philippines.[8][9]
| N. macrovulgaris | N. hirsuta | N. hispida |
|---|---|---|
| leaves charteous ≤30 cm, oblong to linear | leaves coriaceous ≤20 cm, canaliculate-spathulate or obovate | leaves coriaceous sessile ≤28 cm, oblanceolate-oblongate |
| apex acute to obtuse | apex acute or roundish | apex acuminate-obtuse, often unequal |
| base attenuate into a winged petiole, wings wider towards the base, clasping stem for about half its diameter, not decurrent | base attenuate, forming laterally flattened, semi-amplexicaul sheath | base attenuate, amplexicaul and often decurrent onto the internode |
| longitudinal veins: 2-3 on each side | longitudinal veins not prominent | longitudinal veins: 3 on each side |
| adult pitchers and stem glabrous, young pitchers with short, thin hairs | stem densely covered with long brown hairs, not as bristle-like as those of N. hispida | stem very densely covered with bristle-like purple-grey hairs |
Molecular phylogenies, however, show that N. macrovulgaris is in fact sister to Nepenthes reinwardtiana, and it is not a close relative of Nepenthes hispida and Nepenthes hirsuta, nor close to Nepenthes philippinensis.[10] The striking similarity in morphology and habitat preference between N. macrovulgaris and Nepenthes philippinensis could be because they represent an ancestral phenotype, or parallel/convergent evolution.
Etymology
Turnbull and Middleton, who described the species in 1988, explain that they chose the specific epithet macrovulgaris to:[4]
[...] indicate a relatively large plant and to indicate that no single characteristic uniquely distinguishes this taxon from all others. The suffix vulgaris does not indicate that this species is either common or ordinary. On the contrary, it is quite striking. The epithet is an irregular combination of Greek and Latin. The name was used in the field to identify living material which was distributed to growers and this informal name is now commonly used by collectors. We feel that to change the name now would create unnecessary confusion.
Natural hybrids
The following natural hybrids involving N. macrovulgaris have been recorded.
- N. albomarginata × N. macrovulgaris[11]
- N. macrovulgaris × N. rajah[5]
- N. macrovulgaris × N. reinwardtiana[5]
- N. macrovulgaris × N. tentaculata[5]
