Nils Erik Wahlberg

Wahlberg was born in Johannes, Finland (now in Russian territory), of Finland-Swedish parents.^[1][2] In the middle of his technical studies in the Polytechnic School of Helsinki (now Helsinki University of Technology), he had to flee from the Russification of Finland and being drafted into the Russian Imperial Army.^[1] He completed his engineering degree in 1907 at the Ecole Polytechique in Zurich (now ETH Zurich - Federal Institute of Technology Zurich) in Switzerland.

Wahlberg emigrated to the U.S. in 1909.^[3] He settled near Detroit and his first employer was Maxwell-Briscoe as a draftsman and designer.^[4] He moved to Packard and in 1913 to Oakland Motor Car Company (a division of General Motors).^[4]

In June 1918, Wahlberg received a commission as a major in the United States Army Quartermaster Corps and went overseas during World War I.^[4] He was promoted to chief engineer at Oakland and began an association with GM's president Charles W. Nash.^[3]

When Nash resigned the presidency of General Motors to start his enterprise in 1916, Wahlberg followed him to the new company, Nash Motors, in Kenosha, Wisconsin. Wahlberg became head Nash's engineering activities.^[3]

The first cars developed under Nash's leadership were the 1918 Nash 680 series.^[5] They were aimed at the middle of the market and incorporated Wahlberg's innovations that included flow-through ventilation to keep the air fresh inside and advanced overhead (valve-in-head) straight six-cylinder engines.^[5][6] The new cars were characterized as "simplicity of design" and they earned rave reviews.^[5]

When Nash formed Nash-Kelvinator in 1937, moving the corporate headquarters to Detroit, Wahlberg remained at the company's main automobile factory in Kenosha, commuting from his home in Chicago.^[1] The innovations incorporated in the prewar Nash cars included "out-of-the-box thinking that defined Kenosha’s later offerings".^[6]

Nash-Kelvinator produced helicopters and aircraft engines during World War II, and Wahlberg had access to a wind tunnel.^[7] His work convinced him of the benefits of aerodynamic designs that were introduced in two new postwar Nash models in 1949.^[7] They represented "the first all-out attempts at streamlining since the Chrysler Airflow debacle fifteen years earlier."^[7]

Wahlberg retired from Nash in 1952 and moved to Washington, DC in 1957.

He died on 19 January 1977, at Georgetown University Hospital, and buried in Rock Creek Cemetery.^[1]

Charles W. Nash made Wahlberg the vice president for engineering and research. This resulted with "Nash automobiles quickly gained a reputation for durability, reliability and engineering excellence."^[8]

Under his leadership spanning 36 years, the automaker introduced significant automotive innovations:

• Combustion engineering: Wahlberg's work on the "Twin Ignition" system made Nash's six-cylinder engines meet output benchmarks of larger straight-eight engines.
• Powertrain design: In the early 1920s, Wahlberg pioneered a six-cylinder engine with overhead valves and rubber mounts, improving performance and reducing vibration.^[6]
• Integrated body: Wahlberg initiated the groundbreaking structure for mass-produced, popular-priced unibody automobile design.^[9]
• Climate control: Wahlberg developed an integrated heating and ventilation system in the mid-1930s (Weather Eye) for passenger compartment control that became the industry standard.^[10] He also perfected the compact air conditioning system housed in the engine compartment rather than use trunk space.
• Aerodynamic design: Wahlberg placed a high value on aerodynamics. He was the primary force behind the unique design of the 1949 Nash Airflyte series, which featured a distinctive rounded "envelope" body and enclosed wheel arches.^[11] This design was developed using wind tunnel testing, a scientific approach rarely applied to mass-produced passenger cars at the time.
• Comfort features: Wahlberg's focus on practicality led to several ergonomic and comfort-oriented innovations. A swept-away dashboard providing more space for front seat passengers. Car seats that could be folded down into a double bed. An integrated instrument pod on the steering column - "Uniscope" - placing gauges directly in front of the driver.
• Compact-sized cars: Led the development of the first successful American compact car, the 1950 Nash Rambler.
• Safety and features: The Nash became the first American automaker to offer seat belts in their cars starting with the 1950 models.^[12] Including padded dashboards also demonstrated Wahlberg's pioneering interest in occupant safety.

He was a brilliant man, always seemed deep in thought, as if working on an engineering problem... ~ William E. Reddig, assistant director of styling at Nash and styling director at Kelvinator ^[11][13]