Nina Lugovskaya
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Nina Lugovskaya | |
|---|---|
Нина Серге́евна Луговская | |
| Born | Nina Sergeyevna Lugovskaya December 25, 1918 |
| Died | December 27, 1993 (aged 75) |
| Alma mater | Serpukhov Art School |
| Occupation | Artist |
| Spouse | Victor L. Templin |
Nina Sergeyevna Lugovskaya (Russian: Нина Серге́евна Луговская; 25 December 1918 – 27 December 1993) was a Soviet painter and theatre designer, in addition to being a survivor of the Gulag. During Joseph Stalin's Great Purge, Lugovskaya was the author of a diary, which was discovered by the Soviet political police and used to convict her entire family of Anti-Soviet agitation.[1] After surviving Kolyma, Lugovskaya studied at Serpukhov Art School and in 1977 joined the Union of Artists of the USSR. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, her diary was discovered intact inside the NKVD's file on her family. It was published in 2003, and resulted in Nina being called "the Anne Frank of Russia."[2]
Nina's parents were educated professionals. Her father, Sergei Rybin-Lugovskoi, was an economist[3] and passionate supporter of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, while her mother, Lyubov Lugovskaya, was an educator. Nina had two older twin sisters, Olga and Yevgenia (also called Lyalya and Zhenya), born in 1915.[4]
Sergei was first arrested in 1917, prior to the revolution, and after it held a government position, only to be arrested and exiled again in 1919. After three years, he returned and the family located to Moscow where he ran a bakery cooperative, employing 400 people. After economic nationalization in 1928, the business was closed, and Sergei was arrested and exiled again to a town north of Moscow. This is where Nina began writing her diaries.[4] In 1935 Sergei was arrested and imprisoned in Moscow, where Nina visited him shortly before his exile to Kazakhstan.[3]
Although she had many friends, Nina suffered from depression, and repeatedly confided her suicidal fantasies to her diary. Nina further suffered from lazy eye, which made her very self-conscious[citation needed]. In her diary, she often confided her hatred for Stalin and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. These beliefs came from witnessing the NKVD's repeated harassment and internal exile of her father, who had been a NEPman during the 1920s.[1]
Arrest
On January 4, 1937, Nina's diary was confiscated during an NKVD raid on the Lugovskoy's apartment. Passages underlined for prosecutorial use included Nina's suicidal thoughts, her complaints about Communist indoctrination by her teachers, her loyalty to her persecuted father, and her often-expressed hopes that someone would assassinate Joseph Stalin.[1]
Based on the "evidence" in her diary, Nina, her mother and her two sisters were arrested and sentenced to five years' hard labor in the Kolyma prison camps of the Soviet Arctic.[1] After serving her sentence, she was released in 1942 and served the next seven years in exile in a remote area of Kolyma.[4] Nina's mother and sisters survived Kolyma. Lyubov died in 1949, and her father in the 1950s.[4]
Marriage
Career
Nina worked as an artist in theaters at Magadan, Sterlitamak, in the Perm region. While decorating the Magadan theater, Nina met with painter Vasili Shukhayev, and began to consider herself his pupil.
After 1957, Viktor and Nina lived in Vladimir, Russia. She was formally rehabilitated in 1963 after sending a personal appeal to Nikita Khrushchev, who overturned her conviction, citing "unproven accusations".[1][4] She became a member[citation needed] of the Soviet Union of Artists in 1977 and held several solo exhibitions during the 1970s and 1980s, where her paintings were featured prominently in several buildings and the public library.[1][4] Those who knew Nina and Viktor in their later years were unaware of their experiences in the GULAG. Both of them lived to witness the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.[1]
Death
Nina Templina died on 27 December 1993 and was buried in the Ulybyshevo cemetery near Vladimir.[citation needed]
