Northern Pashto

Variety of the Pashto language From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Northern Pashto (Pashto: شمالي پښتو) is a standard variety of the Pashto language spoken in the northern and central parts of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and central-eastern Afghanistan, comprising the Northwestern and Northeastern dialects of Pashto.[3]

Northern Comparison

موږ

"we"
Northern [Wardak]
/muʝ/
Northern [Eastern and Western dialects]
/munɡ/
Northern [Eastern and Western dialects]
/muɡ/
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NativetoPakistan, Afghanistan
EthnicityPashtun
SpeakersL1: 23 million (2017)[1]
L2: 1.4 million (2022)[1]
Quick facts Native to, Ethnicity ...
Northern Pashto
Native toPakistan, Afghanistan
EthnicityPashtun
SpeakersL1: 23 million (2017)[1]
L2: 1.4 million (2022)[1]
Pashto alphabet
Official status
Regulated byPashto Academy of Pakistan[2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3pbu
Glottolognort2646
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North Eastern

Northeastern Pashto,[4] is spoken primarily in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Yusapzai

Yusapzai ژ Shift
The change from /ʒ/ to /d͡ʒ/
Literary: هيبوه لا ژوندۍ ده

Pashto pronunciation: [/hi.ˈba.wa lɑ d͡ʒwan.ˈd̪əi d̪a/]

Meaning: The ibis is still alive
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Yusufzai/Yusapzai Pashto is the most-spoken subdialect[5] in the Northeastern Dialect.

Comparison:

More information Dialects, ښ ...
Dialects[6] ښ ږ څ ځ ژ
North Eastern (e.g. Yusapzai) [x] [ɡ] [s] [z] [d͡ʒ]
North Western (e.g Jalalabad) [x] [ɡ] [s] [z] [ʒ]
North Western (e.g. Wardak) [ç] [ʝ] [t͡s] [d͡z] [ʒ, z]
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Lexical Variation

Even within the Yusapzai dialect; regional lexical variation is noted; as pointed out by Dr. Muhammad Ali Kaleem:[7]

More information Meaning, Mardan ...
Meaning Mardan Swat
Ring ګتمه

gʊ́tma

 ګوتۍ

gwə́təi or Guta

Spinach ساګ

sāg

 سابه

sābə́

Cup پيالۍ

pyālə́i

 پياله

pyālá

Puppy کوتری

kutré or Spey

 کوکری

kukré

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Sub-regional lexical variation

Even with regions there can be minor differences in pronunciation. Example:

More information Malakand District [some localities], Malakand District [general] ...
Malakand District

[some localities]

 Malakand District

[general]

 Standard Pashto Meaning
فپه

fpa

 ښپه

xpa

 پښه

px̌a,

pxa,

pša,

pṣ̌a

 foot
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North Western

ښه يمه - in Northern Dialects
North Western [Wardak]
/çə ˈjə.ma/
North Eastern and North Western [Jalalabad]
/xə ˈjə.ma/
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The North Western is spoken in the east and northeast Afghanistan.[8]

Phonological Variation

Recording of a native Wardag Dialect Speaker
موږ به دا

/muʝ bə d̪ɑ/

We will this...
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There is regional difference in North Western Pashto in pronunciation of words:[9]

More information Meaning, Wardak ...
Meaning Wardak Jalalabad Bati Kot Maidani
دوی they deɪ ˈduwi ˈduwi ˈduwi
راکړه give [imperative of راکول] ˈrɑka ˈrɑka ˈrɑkɽa 'rawka
پوهېدل to know [infinitive] pijeˈdəl pojeˈdəl pojidəl pigeˈdəl
شپږ six ʃpaʝ ʃpag ʃpiʒ ʃpag
وريځ cloud wərˈjed͡z wrez wəˈred͡z wrez
ښځه woman ˈçəd͡za ˈxəza ˈxəza ˈxəza
اوبه water oˈbə uˈbə oˈbə oˈbə
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References

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