Notre Dame (opera)
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Notre Dame is a romantic opera by Franz Schmidt, to a libretto by himself and Leopold Wilk (1876–1944), a professional chemist and amateur poet.[1] It is based loosely on the 1831 novel The Hunchback of Notre-Dame by Victor Hugo.
The opera was written between 1904 and 1906.[2][3] Schmidt approached the opera by writing the orchestral parts of the score first, adding the vocal parts in later.[1] He incorporated some material from an unfinished fantasia for piano and orchestra.[1]
Notre Dame was rejected by the director of the Vienna Court Opera, Gustav Mahler,[2] so its world premiere did not occur for nearly a decade, finally reaching the stage in Vienna on 1 April 1914. The principal female role of Esmeralda was created by Marie Gutheil-Schoder.
The work was popular till the early 1920s, then faded from view. It has been revived in Vienna and Dresden, and has been recorded at least twice.[1]
The opera is best known for its orchestral Intermezzo, which was first performed, along with the Carnival Music,[1] on 6 December 1903 in Vienna, as Zwischenspiel aus einer unvollständigen romantischen Oper.[4] These pieces were not composed with any opera in mind, but were later incorporated into Notre Dame, which he started writing in August 1904.[1] The composer and violinist Karl Goldmark described the Intermezzo as "the most beautiful of Gypsy music".[5]
Roles
| Role | Voice type | Premiere: 1 April 1914, Vienna[6] |
|---|---|---|
| Esmeralda | soprano | Marie Gutheil-Schoder |
| Gringoire | tenor | William Miller |
| Phoebus | tenor | Georg Maikl |
| Quasimodo | bass | Richard Mayr |
| Archdeacon | baritone | Friedrich Weidemann |
