Operation Hiroshima

In early November 1968 the 4,000-strong Biafran 4th Commando Brigade moved northwards from Umuahia to Nkwelle, less than 10 km outside of Onitsha. On 15 November Colonel Rolf Steiner was ordered to launch an offensive operation coined "Operation Hiroshima". Steiner initially objected on the grounds that his troops were trained for guerrilla tactics, but was overruled.^[2] The operation was a full frontal attack across an open field. With no aerial support or any natural obstacles to hide behind, the attacking Biafran brigade was decimated by Nigerian machine gun fire and suffered heavy casualties.^[3]

The Welsh mercenary Major Taffy Williams ordered a unit of Biafran soldiers under the Belgian mercenary Marc Goossens to attack a Nigerian defensive position but were almost immediately forced to retreat after Goossens was shot dead.^[4] On 29 November the remaining 2,000 soldiers of the Biafran 4th Commando Brigade retreated from Onitsha, leaving Onitsha under complete Nigerian control for the rest of the war.^[5]

Col. Steiner was paranoid of his fellow officers and began drinking heavily to help relieve panic attacks. On 6 December 1968 President Ojukwu ordered Col. Steiner to be questioned about his retreat from Onitsha at the State House in Umuahia. Steiner arrived drunk and belligerent, even demanding a beer and refusing it after complaining that the glass was too warm. Steiner got into an argument with one of Ojukwu's guards and came close to getting shot before Ojukwu stopped his guard from pulling the trigger. Far from being grateful, Steiner then turned his insults towards Ojukwu before being slapped across the face and taken out in handcuffs. Steiner was later deported to Gabon along with 5 other mercenaries while Maj. Taffy Williams was made commander of the 4th Commando Brigade.^[6]