Orange Volunteers (1972)

According to Steve Bruce the group carried out a bombing on a Belfast pub in 1973 but otherwise did little publicly of note.^[2] The group was involved in stockpiling weapons and stashing them in Orange halls.^[2] British Army searches of Orange Halls in Belfast in June 1974 uncovered three arms dumps in a 24-hour period, including explosive training aids, bomb-making equipment, and mortar parts. The searches were prompted by Orange Volunteers documents recovered in earlier British Army raids.^[12] In 1977 a pair of OV members from Antrim pleaded guilty to storing arms. However, they only received suspended sentences.^[13] When asked about their activities, Marno claimed the group's targets were always "known Republicans".^[3] It also enjoyed a close relationship with the much larger Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and some of its more militant members were eventually absorbed into that group.^[14] In April 1973 their name was attached, along with those of the UVF, the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) and Red Hand Commando (RHC), to a series of posters that appeared in loyalist areas of West Belfast threatening violence to racketeers, particularly those claiming to be paramilitaries.^[15] In October 1974 three men were sentenced for the armed robbery of a milk float on behalf of the Orange Volunteers in May the previous year.^[16] In 1972 the Belfast Command of the OV claimed British government plans to introduce proportional representation for local council elections in Northern Ireland were "a further step in the downward path of appeasement, designed to placate a rebellious minority."^[17]

Its members were active during the Ulster Workers' Council strike of 1974.^[2] Around this time it experienced a rush of members and grew in strength to as many as 3,000 men, allowing it to play a leading role in the roadblocks and intimidation that accompanied the strike.^[4] During the strike itself the OV was part of a faction of minor loyalist paramilitary groups, represented by the Ulster Special Constabulary Association, Ulster Volunteer Service Corps, Down Orange Welfare and themselves, who pushed for Bill Craig to take a leading role in the running of the strike. The UDA and UVF had hoped to exclude politicians from the conduct of the strike as much as possible but ultimately acquiesced and allowed both Craig and Ian Paisley to play prominent public roles in the stoppage.^[18]

Following the strike, the group helped to form the Ulster Loyalist Central Co-ordinating Committee, which replaced the Ulster Army Council in 1974.^[19] In February 1976 the Orange Volunteers claimed Hugh Woodside, a Protestant man shot dead by the British Army during an altercation on the Shankill Road, as a member of the organisation.^[6] The group was still in existence in 1977, when Marno was replaced as leader by Jackie Campbell.^[20] It supported the United Ulster Unionist Council strike that year. This stoppage, which attempted to replicate the successes of 1974, had little impact.^[4] The OV disbanded at an unknown time after this and was certainly defunct by the 1980s.^[21] Bob Marno told the Belfast Telegraph in 1980 that the group was dormant.^[22]

During the 1981 hunger strike by republican paramilitary prisoners, the Ulster Army Council claimed to have reformed and threatened a renewed campaign of violence. The press statement listed the Orange Volunteers and former B-Specials as members.^[23]

In early 1986 it was reported that the OV had "reactivated" in response to the signing of the Anglo-Irish Agreement and could claim 700 members.^[24] It was reported upon the founding of Ulster Resistance that the OV had aligned itself to the new paramilitary organisation.^[3] In May 1987 wreaths from the Orange Volunteers and other Loyalist paramilitary organisations were displayed outside the Belfast home of William Marchant, a senior member of the UVF shot dead by the IRA.^[25]

A separate organisation calling itself the Orange Volunteers emerged in 1998 although members of the original OV disassociated themselves from this new group, claiming that, apart from the name, there was no connection.^[26]