Orders of magnitude (acceleration)
Comparison of a wide range of accelerations
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This page lists examples of the acceleration occurring in various situations. They are grouped by orders of magnitude.
More information Constant 
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...| Factor [m/s2] |
Multiple | Reference frame | Value | [g] | Item |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10−∞ | 0 m/s2 | inertial | 0 m/s2 | 0 g | The gyro rotors in Gravity Probe B and the free-floating proof masses in the TRIAD I navigation satellite[1] |
| inertial | ≈ 0 m/s2 | ≈ 0 g | Weightless parabola in a reduced-gravity aircraft | ||
| 10−14 | 10 fm/s2 | lab | 5×10−14 m/s2 | 5×10−15 g | Smallest acceleration in a scientific experiment[2] |
| 10−10 | 100 pm/s2 | inertial | ≈ 1×10−10 m/s2 | ≈ 1×10−11 g | Typical gravitational acceleration of stars in the Milky Way[3] |
| inertial | 1.2×10−10 m/s2 | 1.22×10−11 g | Constant in Modified Newtonian dynamics theory, which states that objects with gravitational acceleration lower than don't follow Newton's law of gravity[4] | ||
| 10−3 | 1 mm/s2 | Solar system | 5.93×10−3 m/s2 | 6.04×10−4 g | Acceleration of Earth toward the sun due to sun's gravitational attraction |
| 10−1 | 1 dm/s2 | lab | 0.25 m/s2 | 0.026 g | Train acceleration for SJ X2[citation needed] |
| 100 | 1 m/s2 | inertial | 1.62 m/s2 | 0.1654 g | Standing on the Moon at its equator[citation needed] |
| lab | 4.3 m/s2 | 0.44 g | Car acceleration 0–100 km/h in 6.4 s with a Saab 9-5 Hirsch[citation needed] | ||
| inertial | 9.80665 m/s2 | 1 g | Standard gravity, the gravity acceleration on Earth at sea level standard[5] | ||
| 101 | 1 dam/s2 | inertial | 11.2 m/s2 | 1.14 g | Saturn V Moon rocket just after launch[citation needed] |
| inertial | 15.2 m/s2 | 1.55 g | Bugatti Veyron from 0 to 100 km/h in 2.4 s (the net acceleration vector including gravitational acceleration is directed 40 degrees from horizontal[citation needed]) | ||
| inertial | 29 m/s2 | 3 g | Space Shuttle, maximum during launch and reentry[citation needed] | ||
| inertial | 29 m/s2 | 3 g | Sustainable for > 25 seconds, for a human[5] | ||
| inertial | 34 – 49 m/s2 | 3.5 – 5 g | High-G roller coasters[6]: 340 | ||
| lab? | 41 m/s2 | 4.2 g | Top Fuel drag racing world record of 4.4 s over 1/4 mile[citation needed] | ||
| inertial | 49 m/s2 | 5 g | Causes disorientation, dizziness and fainting in humans[5] | ||
| lab? | 49+ m/s2 | 5+ g | Formula One car, maximum under heavy braking[citation needed] | ||
| inertial? | 51 m/s2 | 5.2 g | Luge, maximum expected at the Whistler Sliding Centre[citation needed] | ||
| lab | 49 – 59 m/s2 | 5 – 6 g | Formula One car, peak lateral in turns[7] | ||
| inertial | 59 m/s2 | 6 g | Parachutist peak during normal opening of parachute[8] | ||
| inertial | +69 / -49 m/s2 | +7 / -5 g | Standard, full aerobatics certified glider[citation needed] | ||
| inertial | 70.6 m/s2 | 7.19 g | Apollo 16 on reentry[9] | ||
| inertial | 79 m/s2 | 8 g | F-16 aircraft pulling out of dive[citation needed] | ||
| inertial | 88 m/s2 | 9 g | Maximum for a fit, trained person with G-suit to keep consciousness, avoiding G-LOC[citation needed] | ||
| inertial | 88 – 118 m/s2 | 9 – 12 g | Typical maximum turn acceleration in an aerobatic plane or fighter jet[10] | ||
| 102 | 1 hm/s2 | inertial | 147 m/s2 | 15 g | Explosive seat ejection from aircraft[citation needed] |
| 177 m/s2 | 18 g | Physical damage in humans like broken capillaries[5] | |||
| 209 m/s2 | 21.3 g | Peak acceleration experienced by cosmonauts during the Soyuz 18a abort[11] | |||
| 333 m/s2 | 34 g | Peak deceleration of the Stardust Sample Return Capsule on reentry to Earth[12] | |||
| 454 m/s2 | 46.2 g | Maximum acceleration a human has survived on a rocket sled[5] | |||
| > 491 m/s2 | > 50 g | Death or serious injury likely[citation needed] | |||
| 982 m/s2 | 100 g | Sprint missile[13] | |||
| 982 m/s2 | 100 g | Automobile crash (100 km/h into wall)[14] | |||
| > 982 m/s2 | > 100 g | Brief human exposure survived in crash[15] | |||
| 982 m/s2 | 100 g | Deadly limit for most humans[citation needed] | |||
| 103 | 1 km/s2 | inertial ≈ lab |
1540 m/s2 | 157 g | Peak acceleration of fastest rocket sled run[16] |
| 1964 m/s2 | 200 g | 3.5" hard disc non-operating shock tolerance for 2 ms, weight 0.6 kg[17] | |||
| 2098 m/s2 | 214 g | Highest recorded amount of g-force exposed and survived by a human (Peak deceleration experienced by Kenny Bräck in a crash at the 2003 Chevy 500)[18][19] | |||
| 2256 m/s2 | 230 g | Peak acceleration experience by the Galileo probe during descent into Jupiter's atmosphere[20] | |||
| 2490 m/s2 | 254 g | Peak deceleration experienced by Jules Bianchi in crash of Marussia MR03, 2014 Japanese Grand Prix[21] | |||
| 2946 m/s2 | 300 g | Soccer ball struck by foot[citation needed] | |||
| 3200 m/s2 | 320 g | A jumping human flea[22] | |||
| 3800 m/s2 | 380 g | A jumping click beetle[23] | |||
| 4944 m/s2 | 504 g | Clothes on washing machine, during dry spinning (46 cm drum / 1400 rpm) | |||
| 104 | 10 km/s2 | 11 768 m/s2 | 1200 g | Deceleration of the head of a woodpecker[24] | |
| 17 680 m/s2 | 1800 g | Space gun with a barrel length of 1 km and a muzzle velocity of 6 km/s, as proposed by Quicklaunch (assuming constant acceleration) | |||
| 29460 m/s2 | 3000 g | Baseball struck by bat[14] | |||
| ~33 000 m/s2 | 3400 g | Standard requirement for decelerative crashworthiness in certified flight recorders (such as a Boeing 737 'black box') | |||
| >49 100 m/s2 | >5000 g | Shock capability of mechanical wrist watches[25] | |||
| 84 450 m/s2 | 8600 g | Current Formula One engines, maximum piston acceleration (up to 10,000 g before rev limits)[26] | |||
| 105 | 100 km/s2 | 102 000 m/s2 | 10 400 g | A mantis shrimp punch[27] | |
| 152 210 m/s2 | 15 500 g | Rating of electronics built into military artillery shells[28] | |||
| 196 400 m/s2 | 20 000 g | Spore acceleration of the Pilobolus fungi[29] | |||
| 304 420 m/s2 | 31 000 g | 9×19mm Parabellum handgun bullet (average along the length of the barrel)[citation needed][30] | |||
| 106 | 1,000 km/s2 | 1 000 000 m/s2 | 100 000 g | Closing jaws of a trap-jaw ant[31] | |
| 1 865 800 m/s2 | 190 000 g | 9×19mm Parabellum handgun bullet, peak[citation needed][32] | |||
| 3 800 000 m/s2 | 390 000 g | Surface gravity of white dwarf Sirius B[33] | |||
| 3 900 000 m/s2 | slightly below 400 000 g | Ultracentrifuge[34] | |||
| 109 | 1 million km/s2 | 1×109 m/s2 | ~100 000 000 g | The record peak acceleration of a projectile in a coilgun, a 2 gram projectile accelerated in 1 cm from rest to 5 km/sec.[35] | |
| 1012 | 1 billion km/s2 | 1×1012 to 1×1013 m/s2 | 1×1011 to 1×1012 g | Surface gravity of a neutron star[36] | |
| 2.1×1013 m/s2 | 2.1×1012 g | Protons in the Large Hadron Collider[37] | |||
| 1021 | 1 quintillion km/s2 | 9.149×1021 m/s2 | 9.33×1020 g | Classical (Bohr model) acceleration of an electron around a 1H nucleus. | |
| 1.76×1023 m/s2 | 1.79×1022 g | Electrons in a 1 TV/m wakefield accelerator[38] | |||
| 1051 | 1 quindecillion km/s2 | 5.5608×1051 m/s2 | 5.5719×1050 g | Coherent Planck unit of acceleration |