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Organomegaly

Medical condition in which organs are larger than normal From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Organomegaly is the abnormal enlargement of organs. For example, cardiomegaly is enlargement of the heart. Visceromegaly is the enlargement of abdominal organs.[1] Examples of visceromegaly are enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), spleen (splenomegaly), stomach, kidneys, and pancreas.

Definitions for various organs

Values refer to adults unless otherwise specified.

More information Organ, Term for enlargement ...
OrganTerm for enlargementCutoff for definition
Abdominal aortaEctasia or mild dilation

>2.0 cm and <3.0 cm[2]

Abdominal aortic aneurysm
  • Moderate AAA: 3.0–5.0 cm[2]
  • Large or severe AAA: >5.0[2] or 5.5.[3] cm
Common bile ductDilatation
  • Mild dilatation:[4] 8–12 mm
  • Moderate dilatation:[4] 12–16 mm
  • Severe dilatation:[4] 16–20 mm
  • Extremely severe dilatation:[4] >20 mm
GallbladderWall thickening3 mm wall thickness[5]
HydropsGreater than 5 cm transverse dimension[6]
HeartCardiomegaly
Large intestineDilation

Upper limit of normal range of diameter:[9]

Wall thickeningWall thickness 5 mm[10]
KidneysEnlargement
SexUpper limit of standard reference range
Right kidneyLeft kidney
Men[12]160 g (5.6 oz)175 g (6.2 oz)
Women[13]175 g (6.2 oz)190 g (6.7 oz)
LiverHepatomegaly
Lymph nodesLymphadenopathyGenerally 10 mm[15][16]
(see Lymphadenopathy) for detailed values)
Renal pelvisPart of hydronephrosis grading 4 – 20 mm:
  • Fetal: Anteroposterior diameter of less than 4 mm in fetuses up to 32 weeks of gestational age and 7 mm afterwards.[17]
  • Adults: cutoff values defined differently by different sources, with anteroposterior diameters ranging between 10 and 20 mm.[18] About 13% of normal healthy adults have a transverse pelvic diameter of over 10 mm.[19]
ProstateProstatomegalyVolume over 30 cm3.
Pulmonary arteryDilation>29 mm[20]
Small intestineDilation
  • Mild: 2.5–2.9 cm[23]
  • Moderate: 3-4 cm[23]
  • Severe: >4 cm[23]
Wall thickening3–5 mm[26]
SpleenSplenomegaly
  • Moderate splenomegaly: the largest dimension is between 11–20 cm[27]
  • Severe splenomegaly: the largest dimension is greater than 20 cm[27]
  • Autopsy: Weight over upper limit of standard reference range, of 230 g (8.1 oz)[12][13]
Thoracic aortaDilation Diameters:
  • >3.5 cm generally[30]

Upper limits of standard reference range:

  • 3.3 cm in small young individuals[31]
  • 4.3 cm among large elderly individuals.[31]
  • 2.3 cm among small young individuals[31]
  • 3.2 cm among large elderly individuals.[31]
Thoracic aortic aneurysm Diameter:
  • > 4.5 cm (US)[30]
  • > 4.0 cm (Korea)[32]
TestisEnlargement5 cm (long axis) x 3 cm (short axis)[33]
TonsilEnlarged tonsil2.5 cm in length, 2.0 cm in width and 1.2 cm in thickness.[34]
UreterMegaureter6[35] or 7[36] mm
Urinary bladderWall thickening3–5 mm thick, and < 3 mm when well distended.[37]
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