Ottoman–Persian Wars
Series of wars through the 16th to 19th centuries
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Ottoman–Persian Wars also called the Ottoman–Iranian Wars were a series of wars between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Qajar states of Iran (Persia) through the 16th–19th centuries. The Ottomans consolidated their control of what is today Turkey in the 15th century, and gradually came into conflict with the emerging neighboring Iranian state, led by Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty. The two states were arch rivals, and were also divided by religious grounds, the Ottomans being staunchly Sunni and the Safavids being Shia. A series of military conflicts ensued for centuries during which the two empires competed for control over eastern Anatolia, the Caucasus, and Ottoman Iraq.
changes Ottomans consolidated their power in Eastern Anatolia, Southeastern Anatolia and Mesopotamia (Ottoman Iraq), Iran consolidates their power in the Caucasus
| Ottoman–Persian Wars | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Ottoman wars in Asia | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Kurdish tribes | |||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
List
| Name of the war | Sultan of Ottoman Empire | Shah of Persian Empire | Treaty at the end of the war | Victorious Empire |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| War of 1505–1517 | Selim I | Ismail I | None | Ottoman Empire |
| War of 1532–1555 | Suleiman I | Tahmasp I | Treaty of Amasya (1555) | Ottoman Empire[1] |
| War of 1578–1590 | Murad III | Mohammad Khodabanda, Abbas I | Treaty of Constantinople (1590) | Ottoman Empire |
| War of 1603–1612 |
Ahmed I | Abbas I | Treaty of Nasuh Pasha | Persian Empire |
| War of 1616–1618 | Ahmed I, Mustafa I, Osman II | Abbas I | Treaty of Serav (1618) | Persian Empire |
| War of 1623–1639 | Murad IV | Abbas I, Safi | Treaty of Zuhab (1639) | Ottoman Empire |
| War of 1730–1735 | Mahmud I | Nader Shah | Treaty of Constantinople (1736) | Persian Empire |
| War of 1743–1746 | Mahmud I | Nader Shah | Treaty of Kerden (1746) | Indecisive[2] |
| War of 1775–1776 | Abdul Hamid I | Karim Khan Zand | None | Persian Empire[3] |
| War of 1821–1823 | Mahmud II | Fath-Ali Shah Qajar | Treaty of Erzurum (1823) | Indecisive |
Among the numerous treaties, the Treaty of Zuhab of 1639 is usually considered as the most significant, as it fixed present Turkey–Iran and Iraq–Iran borders. In later treaties, there were frequent references to the Treaty of Zuhab.[citation needed]
Other conflicts
| Name of the war | Sultan of Ottoman Empire | Shah of Persian Empire | Treaty at the end of the war | Victorious Empire |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| War of 1906 | Abdul Hamid II | Mozaffar ad-Din Shah | None | Indecisive |
| War of 1914–1918 | Mehmed V | Ahmad Shah | Armistice of Mudros (1918) | Indecisive |
