Bougouma was born on December 31, 1981, in Plateau-Central Region, Burkina Faso.[1][2] He is a member of the royal family of Matté, in Ziniaré Department, as his father is the village chief. His mother is from the village of Betta, also in Ziniare.[2] Bougouma developed a passion for law after a court trial during his studies at Bassy Provincial High School.[2] He attended the University of Geneva, obtaining a degree in private law, and subsequently obtained his master's degree in international and European law in 2008 from the University of Rouen. He also obtained a doctorate in private law in 2013 from the same place.[2][3]
Bougouma then became an assistant professor at Thomas Sankara University in 2014.[2][4] He then taught at several other Burkinabe institutions, including Saint Thomas Aquinas University in Ouagadougou, the University of Saint Dominic of West Africa, and the University of Aube Nouvelle.[4] In February 2016, he became the legal advisor to the President of the University of Ouagadougou - Joseph Ki-Zerbo. In 2020, Bougouma became the head of the National School of Administration and Magistracy.[2]
Shortly after the January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état by Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba, Bougouma declared his support for the putschists.[2] In March 2022, he became a deputy in the Legislative Assembly, being chosen by leaders of Plateau-Central to represent the region.[5] He was appointed as the head of the Commission on General, Institutional, and Human Rights Affairs, which allowed him to rule on constitutional and judicial issues, increasing his political influence.[2][4]
Bougouma was reappointed as a deputy after the September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état.[5] On November 11, 2022, he was elected as President of the Legislative Assembly, beating Aboubacar Tobuyeni with 65 out of 67 votes.[1][2]
Bougouma speaks French, English, German, and Mooré. He is married and the father of four children.[1][2] He is a member of the LEKMA organization, which educates orphans. He is also head of external relations of the Association for Solidarity and Human Development in Ziniare.[4]
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