Oxyphil cell (parathyroid)
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| Oxyphil cell | |
|---|---|
 High magnification micrograph of parathyroid gland, stained using H&E stain. The cells with orange/pink staining cytoplasm are oxyphil cells | |
| Details | |
| Location | Parathyroid gland |
| Identifiers | |
| TH | H3.08.02.5.00005 |
| FMA | 69084 |
| Anatomical terms of microanatomy | |
Parathyroid oxyphil cells, also named oncocytes,[1] are one out of the two types of cells found in the parathyroid secretory organ, the other being parathyroid chief cell.[2] Oxyphil cells are only found in a select few number of species and humans are one of them.[3]
These cells can be found in clusters in the center of the section and at the periphery.[4][5][6][7] Oxyphil cells appear at the onset of pubescence, but have no known function. It is perceived that oxyphil cells may be derived from chief cells at puberty, as they are not present at birth like chief cells.[8] Oxyphil cells increase in number with age.[9]
Although the terms oncocyte, oxyphil cell, and Hürthle cell are used interchangeably, "Hürthle cell" is used only to indicate cells of thyroid follicular origin.[10]
Oxyphil cells may be binucleated and proteins found within their cytoplasms are basic, resulting in acidophilic cytoplasms. Cytochemically, oxyphil cells and C cells are fairly similar.[11] Oxyphil cells are much larger in size (12–20 μm) compared with chief cells (6–8 μm) and also stain lighter than chief cells.[12] Oxyphil cells have a cytoplasm filled with many, large mitochondria. Oxyphil cells have abundant cytoplasmic glycogen and ribosomes that are interspersed betwixt the mitochondria. The endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatuses, and secretory granules are poorly developed in oxyphil cells of normal parathyroid glands[3]
