Pamplonita River
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The Pamplonita River is the main river of the Colombian city of Cúcuta and one of the most important of the Norte de Santander Department.
The Pamplonita River was used to transport cacao, the main form of wealth in the region and a major axis of the economy during the 18th and 19th centuries.
It begins, at an elevation of 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) above sea level, in the hill of Altogrande, the desert of Fontibón, the neighborhoods of Pamplona.
It descends by the valley of the Cariongo, leaves by the big hole of Pamplona and follows towards the northwest, until the height of Chinácota, receives waters of the Honda gorge and continues lowering until the valley of Cúcuta, through where it happens tired, and when leaving it is joined with the Táchira, until ending at the mighty Zulia river, that throws them to the lake of Maracaibo. Most of his course one occurs to 150 ms on the level of the sea.
Its river basin is located on the eastern mountain range, extending by the southwest of north of Santander, from Pamplona to Puerto Santander. In the 1960s, the World Health Organization worked with national health officials to extend clean water supplies to Pamplona.[1]
Amigos del Río (River Friends) for the Pamplonita River at Cucuta, works to rehabilitate and improve the river.[2]
Fauna
The vegetation cover in the Pamplonita basin is represented mostly by secondary forests, with an area of 253.6 km². 75 orders, 143 families, and 560 reported species have been identified for the basin. Among the orders with the most representation are the mirtales and rosales, with 7 families; followed by sapindales and liliales (6 families) and fabales, malvales and violales (5 families). According to the lists of threatened flora species and the Red Book of Phanerogamic Plants of Colombia, there are 18 species with some type of threat in the river basin.
In birds there are 19 orders, 52 families and 258 species, the Passeriforme order being the most dominant with 21 families, followed by the Piciforme order with 4 families, Apodiforme, Caprimulgiformes, Charadriformes, Ciconiforme, Coraciforme, Falconiforme with 3 families and another 11 genera with 1 family.
Regarding families, the most frequent is Trochilidae with 26 species, followed by the Tyrannidae family with 25 species, known as flycatchers and pirire, Furnariidae with 13 species, commonly called guito and trepapalo, Thraupidae and Accipritidae each with 11 species.
In mammals a list of 52 species was compiled, registered in 26 families and 9 orders. The most represented family is Murdidae, corresponding to mice, with 7 species; followed by the Mustelidae with 5, which includes the weasel and the marten, and the Felidae and Didelphidae (fara family) with 4 each.
In amphibians, 13 species, 2 orders and 8 families have been identified. The Hylidae family (Frogs) has 3 species and the remaining 6 have one species.
In the book Peces del Pamplonita , a study carried out between 2012 and 2013 by Ecopetrol resulted in more than 60 species, eight of them classified as vulnerable and 23 highlighted as important for human consumption. Another 31 are endemic, that is, exclusive to the Lake Maracaibo basin and 12 of them ornamental.
