Panaeolus papilionaceus
Species of fungus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Panaeolus papilionaceus,[a] commonly known as the bell-capped mottlegill[2] or Petticoat mottlegill, is a very common and widely distributed small brown mushroom that feeds on dung.
| Panaeolus papilionaceus | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Bolbitiaceae |
| Genus: | Panaeolus |
| Species: | P. papilionaceus |
| Binomial name | |
| Panaeolus papilionaceus | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Agaricus calosus | |
| Panaeolus papilionaceus | |
|---|---|
| Mycological characteristics | |
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is convex |
 | Hymenium is adnexed |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is black |
 | Ecology is saprotrophic |
 | Edibility is inedible |
This mushroom is the type species for the genus Panaeolus.
Description
The cap is 1–5 centimetres (1⁄2–2 in) across, obtusely conic then becoming campanulate, and grayish brown.[1] It is not hygrophanous and the margin is adorned with white toothlike partial veil fragments when young or towards the edge.[1] The flesh is thin.[3]
The gills are adnate to adnexed, close to crowded,[3] one or two tiers of intermediate gills, pale gray, acquiring a mottled, blackish appearance in age, with whitish edges. The spore print is black.[3]
The stipe is 6–12 cm by 2–4 mm, gray-brown to reddish brown, darker where handled, paler toward the apex, brittle,[1] fibrous, and pruinose.
The odor is mild and the taste unappetizing.
Microscopic features
The spores are 12–18 x 7–10 μm, elliptical, smooth, with an apical pore.
Basidia 4-sterigmate; abruptly clavate. Cheilocystidia abundant; subcylindric, often subcapitate or capitate.
Similar species
Panaeolus retirugis is similar but more robust, with a larger cap and thicker stem.[4] Panaeolus pantropicalis has a more tropical distribution than Panaeolus papilionaceus and Panaeolus retirugis.[5]
Habitat and formation
Occurring singly, gregariously, or caespitosely on cow/horse dung, moose droppings, and in pastures. Widely distributed in North America throughout the year, but only in warmer climates in winter. It can be found in countries including[6] Canada (Alberta,[7] British Columbia), the United States (Alabama, Alaska, California,[7] Colorado, Florida, Georgia,[7] Indiana,[7] Louisiana,[7] Maine, Massachusetts, Missouri, Montana,[7] New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Texas,[7] Washington),[7] the Caribbean (Bahamas, Cuba, San Vincent Island), Chile, Colombia, Uruguay, France, The Netherlands, Greece, Mexico,[7] Norway, Slovenia,[7] South Africa, Uganda, China, Iran, Lithuania, Kuwait, and the Philippines.
Edibility
Panaeolus papilionaceus is inedible[8] and is not substantial. While similar-looking species, such as Psilocybe mexicana, contain psilocybin, P. papilionaceus does not.[9]
Gallery
P. papilionaceus var. papilionaceus
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