Panorama of the City of New York
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The Panorama of the City of New York is an urban model of New York City that is a centerpiece of the Queens Museum. It was originally created for the 1964 New York World's Fair and it has been occasionally updated.
In June 1961, the New York City Board of Estimate awarded a contract to the architectural model makers Raymond Lester Associates for the construction of a scale model of New York City within the City Building.[1][2] City officials planned to install suspended cars to allow visitors to see the model during the 1964 New York World's Fair.[1] The Panorama was built by a team of 100 people working for Lester Associates in West Nyack, New York in the three years before the opening of the 1964 World's Fair.[3]
Commissioned by World's Fair Corporation president Robert Moses as a celebration of the City's municipal infrastructure, this 9,335-square-foot (867.2 m2) model includes every single building constructed before 1992 in all five boroughs, at a scale of 1 inch = 100 feet (1:1200).[3] The model was constructed in 273 sections[4][5] of 4 by 10 feet (1.2 m × 3.0 m) Formica boards and polyurethane foam,[3] originally depicting 835,000 individual structures.[6] The section showing the Far Rockaway neighborhood was never installed, due to space limitations.[3] The original Panorama included about 25,000 Plexiglass models of major buildings, 100,000 handmade models of less substantial structures, and 50,000 models of churches. For other structures such as tenements and brownstones, Lester Associates created 50,000 copies of each type of structure. In total, Lester Associates manufactured about two to three million buildings, including duplicates.[6]
Displayed alongside the modern city, the 1964 exhibition also included a 1:300 diorama of a "Castello Model" based on the 17th century Castello Plan, borrowed from Museum of the City of New York.[7][8]
The Panorama was one of the most successful attractions at the 1964 Fair, with millions of people paying 10 cents each for a 9-minute simulated helicopter ride around the City,[3] a dark ride narrated by Lowell Thomas to a text written by Harvey Yale Gross. It was one of three colossal representations of geography at the fair, alongside the Unisphere and the New York State Pavilion.[8] Visitors could also look at the model from a balcony and, for another 10 cents, could peer at specific neighborhoods using binoculars.[6]
The panorama was also intended to serve as a standing urban planning tool after the fair, after Moses' vision. In this way it anticipated the technology of a 3D city model, though in practice it was of limited utility. It did however, play a role in the defeat of Donald Trump's 1980s Television City proposal, as a model put on the panorama by activists demonstrated the relative size of the development.[8] Additionally, the opening of the Panorama was set to coincide with the 300-year anniversary of the English takeover of New Amsterdam—which occurred in 1664—and highlight the city's growth over that period.[9]
After the Fair closed, the Panorama remained open to the public, and Lester's team updated the map in 1967, 1968, and 1969.[3]
