Parliamentary amendment

• Individual: proposed by individual members of parliament.^[5] Since 2015, these amendments have become mandatory, meaning that the government is obliged to implement them, except in cases of technical impediments or legal justifications.^[6]
• Bench: Presented collectively by state or regional benches. They are aimed at projects that benefit more than one municipality or region of a state.^[2]
• By committee: Presented by the permanent committees of the Chamber or Senate. They seek to serve specific sectors, such as health, education, or infrastructure.^[7]
• From the rapporteur: proposed by the budget rapporteur, generally to meet interests negotiated between Congress and the federal government. These amendments are more controversial, due to their lack of transparency and their connection to the so-called "secret budget".^[8]

Parliamentary amendments, although important for decentralizing resources and meeting local demands, face several criticisms, such as lack of transparency,^[9][10] use as an instrument of political negotiation between the government and Congress,^[11] lack of strategic planning,^[10] risk of regional inequality,^[12] dependence on municipalities^[13] and potential for irregularities.^[14]