Paschal troparion
Troparion in the Byzantine Rite
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The Paschal troparion or Christos anesti (Koinē Greek: Χριστὸς ἀνέστη) is the characteristic troparion for the celebration of Pascha (Easter) in the Byzantine Rite.
Like most troparia, it is a brief stanza often used as a refrain between the verses of a psalm, but is also used on its own. It is sung in the first plagal (or fifth) tone. Its author or date is unknown.
Text
| Greek[1] | Transliteration | English translation[2] | Poetic English translation by Vladimir Morosan |
|---|---|---|---|
Χριστὸς ἀνέστη ἐκ νεκρῶν, |
Christós anésti ek nekrón, |
Christ is risen from the dead, |
Christ is risen from the dead, |
The first line paraphrases from 1 Corinthians 15:20 (Νυνὶ δὲ Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται ἐκ νεκρῶν).[3] The troparion is part of the Paschal Divine Liturgy of the Byzantine Rite, and it was certainly in use in the 5th or 6th century.[3] Its ultimate origin is unknown; Metropolitan Hilarion Alfeyev (2009) has suggested a 2nd-century origin.[4]
Usage
According to the testimony of the Jerusalem tropologion (or iadgari, an ancient hymnography surviving only in a Georgian translation of the 8th century[5]), the troparion was sung at the end of the Easter Vigil in the late ancient Jerusalem Easter liturgy.[3] Based on the Typikon of the Great Church, the troparion was part of the non-monastic liturgy at the Hagia Sophia by the 10th century.[3]
In Finland, the Orthodox Church of Finland is a minority church. However, the Orthodox Easter Vigil has been broadcast on radio and television for decades, and so the troparion gradually became well-known to non-Orthodox Finns. In 1986, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland – the largest religious denomination in the country — added the troparion to its revised official hymnal, where it is hymn number 90, used for Easter. It is recommended to be sung three times in succession.[6]
At Pope Francis' funeral, after the Litany of the Saints, the patriarchs, archbishops, and metropolitans of the Eastern Catholic Churches stood beside the coffin of Pope Francis for the Supplicatio Ecclesiae Orientalium (formerly known as the Officio Defectorum in Byzantine liturgy). While thrice chanting the Paschal troparion and chanting prayers, one of the patriarchs censed the coffin. This ritual was also performed at the funeral of Pope John Paul II.[7][8][9][10]
In other languages
| Language | Translation | Transliteration | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian | Krishti u-ngjall se vdékuresh, | [11] | |
| Arabic | المسيح قام من بين الأموات و وطئ الموت بالموت | Al-Masīh qām min baīni'l-amwāt | [12][13] |
| Basque | Piztu da Kristo hiletarik, | [11] | |
| Belarusian (Cyrillic orthography) | Хрыстос уваскрос зь мёртвых, | Khrystos uvaskros z' myortvykh, | [14] |
| Belarusian (Latin orthography) | Chrystos uvaskros ź miortvych, | ||
| Bulgarian | Христос възкръсна от мъртвите, | Hristos vǎzkrǎsna ot mǎrtvite, | [12] |
| Chinese | 基督已經從死裡復活， | Jīdū yǐjīng cóng sǐ lǐ fùhuó, | [15] |
| Church Slavonic | Христосъ воскресе изъ мертвыхъ, | Khristos voskrese iz mertvykh, | [16][11] |
| Church Slavonic Earlier version (currently[when?] only used by the Old Believers) | Хрїстосъ воскресе изъ мертвыхъ, | Khristos voskrese iz mertvykh | [11] |
| Coptic | Ⲡⲓⲭ̀ⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲛϥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲏⲉⲑⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ: | Pekhrestos aftonf evol-khennee-ethmoot, | [17] |
| Czech | Vstal z mrtvých Kristus, | [11] | |
| Dutch | Christus is opgestaan uit de doden, | [12][13][11] | |
| Eastern Armenian | K’ristos haryav i mereloc’. | [11] | |
| Filipino | Si Kristo ay nabuhay mula sa mga patay, | [15] | |
| Finnish | Kristus nousi kuolleista, | [12][11] | |
| French | Le Christ est ressuscité des morts; | [12] | |
| Georgian | ქრისტე აღსდგა მკვდრეთით, | Kriste aghsdga mkvdretit, | [12][13][11] |
| German | Christus ist auferstanden von den Toten | [12][11] | |
| Hawaiian | Ua ala a'e nei 'o Kristo mai ka moe lepo, | ||
| Hungarian | Feltámadt Krisztus halottaiból, | [11] | |
| Indonesian | Kristus t'lah bangkit dari mati | ||
| Italian | Cristo è risorto dai morti, | [12][11] | |
| Japanese | ハリストス死より復活し、 | Harisutosu shi yori fukkatsu shi, | [12][11][15] |
| Kapampangan | Y Cristo sinubli yang mebie qng Camatayan. | ||
| Korean | 그리스도께서 부활하셨네 | Geuriseudokkeseo buhwalhasyeonne | [15] |
| Latin | Christus resurrexit a mortuis, | [12][11] | |
| Latvian | Kristus no miroņiem augšāmcēlies, | [12][11] | |
| Lithuanian | Kristus prisikėlė iš numirusių, | [12][11] | |
| Palauan | Kristus a mla mekiis ra kodall, | [11] | |
| Pingelapese | Krais isada sang mehla, | [11] | |
| Polish | Chrystus powstał z martwych, | [12] | |
| Portuguese | Cristo ressuscitou dos mortos, | [12][11] | |
| Romanian | Hristos a înviat din morţi, | [12][13][11] | |
| Serbian | Христос васкрсе из мртвих, | Hristos vaskrse iz mrtvih, | [12][11] |
| Slovak | Kristus slávne vstal z mŕtvych, | [12] | |
| Slovenian | Kristus je vstal od mrtvih, | [12][11] | |
Kristus je vstal od mrtvih, | [11] | ||
| Spanish | [metaphrase] Cristo ha resucitado de los muertos, | [11] | |
[Adapted to the Hellenic melodies] Cristo ha resucitado de los muertos, | [18][11] | ||
| Turkish | Mesih ölülerden dirildi, | [12] | |
| Ukrainian | Христос воскрес із мертвих, | Xrystos voskres iz mertvyx, | [12][11] |