Pesanggrahan River
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Kali Pesanggrahan (Indonesian)
- Sungai Pesanggrahan (Indonesian)
| Pesanggrahan River | |
|---|---|
 Pesanggrahan River ("K. Pesanggrahan"), middle left in the map of rivers and canals of Jakarta (2012) | |
  Location of the mouth  Pesanggrahan River (Indonesia) | |
| Native name |
|
| Location | |
| Country | Indonesia |
| State | Jakarta, West Java, Banten |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Bogor Regency |
| Mouth | Sungai Baung |
• coordinates | 6°10′25″S 106°45′00″E / 6.17374°S 106.74995°E |
The Pesanggrahan River (Indonesian: Sungai Pesanggrahan or Kali Pesanggrahan) is a river with the upstream in the Bogor Regency, flowing through the cities of Depok, Jakarta and Tangerang, Banten.[1] The river passes the districts of Tanah Sereal, Bojong Gede, Sawangan, Limo, Kebayoran Lama, Pesanggrahan, Kembangan, and Kebun Jeruk before flowing into the Cengkareng Drain. Based on 2005 data, 55 percent of the watershed area of the Pesanggrahan River is occupied by housing, only 7 percent is still forests, 20 percent rice fields, and 13 percent other agriculture fields.[2]
The river flows in the northwest area of Java with predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).[3] The annual average temperature in the area is 29 °C. The warmest month is October, when the average temperature is around 30 °C, and the coldest is January, at 28 °C.[4] The average annual rainfall is 3674 mm. The wettest month is December, with an average of 456 mm rainfall, and the driest is September, with 87 mm rainfall.[5]
Flooding
The river causes regular flooding on both banks. In August to October 2010 the river walls were broken three times due to high debit and old wall age.[6] The decreasing capacity and low maintenance caused the flooding in November 2012, affecting two areas in Ulujami.[7] On 10 August 2017 the river overflowed and flooded four areas in Pondok Pinang.[8]
Water quality
The joint research by HSBC, Green Radio, Sanggabuana, and Transformasi Hijau during June 2011 discovered that the water of the Pesanggrahan River was 100 percent polluted, so it could not be used for fish farming.[9] The water condition was dirty with an oxygen level of 3.2 ppm, compared with the normal level of 6 ppm. Only two river biota were found, namely snails and worms. Moreovoer, heavy metal pollutants were also detected, including lead, mercury, and hexavalent chromium.[9] Therefore, the river could not be categorized as a category C source water anymore. The decrease in water quality was thought to be the results of higher density of housing on the river banks.[9]