Peter Gerard Stuyvesant

Stuyvesant was born in New York City on September 21, 1778. He was the son of Petrus "Peter" Stuyvesant (1727–1805) and Margaret (née Livingston) Stuyvesant (1738–1818). His siblings included Judith Stuyvesant, who married Benjamin Winthrop (grandparents of U.S. Representative John Winthrop Chanler); Cornelia Stuyvesant, who married Speaker of the New York State Assembly Dirck Ten Broeck, Nicholas William Stuyvesant, who married Catharine Livingston Reade, and Elizabeth Stuyvesant, who married Adjutant General of New York Nicholas Fish.^[1][2]

Peter was descended from many of New York's most prominent families and characters. Through his father, he was the 2x great grandson of Peter Stuyvesant, the last Dutch Director-General of New Netherland. His paternal grandparents (and his namesake) were Peter Gerard Stuyvesant and Judith (née Bayard) Stuyvesant of the Bayard family.^[1] Through his mother Margaret, he was descended from the Livingston and Beekman families, as she was the daughter of Gilbert Livingston and Cornelia (née Beekman) Livingston, granddaughter of Robert Livingston the Elder, the first Lord of Livingston Manor, and great-granddaughter of Wilhelmus Beekman (who arrived in New Amsterdam aboard the same ship as Peter Stuyvesant).^[3] His maternal aunt, Joanna Livingston, was married to Pierre Van Cortlandt, the first Lieutenant Governor of the New York.^[4][5]

Stuyvesant graduated from Columbia College in 1794. He then studied law and was admitted to the bar.^[6]

Stuyvesant was one of the largest and wealthiest land owners in New York City, second only to John Jacob Astor in terms of wealth and property in all of the United States.^[7] He owned the 60 acre Stuyvesant family bouwerie (or farm) which he developed into residential housing from Houston Street to 23rd Street.^[8][9] Stuyvesant lived in one of the Stuyvesant country homes, known as Petersfield, overlooking the East River between 16th and 17th Streets until 1825 when he sold the house and 200 lots for $100,000.^[10] He then built his home on the northwest corner of 11th Street and Second avenue directly opposite St. Mark's Church. In 1846, the then Mayor of New York, Philip Hone, wrote in his famous diary of having "dined with Stuyvesant in his splendid new house in the Second avenue near St Mark's Church."^[11]

Stuyvesant was a founder and the seventh president of the New-York Historical Society, serving from 1836 until 1839.^[12][13]

He was also a founder (along with author Washington Irving) and the first president of the Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York, an organization of men who are descended from early inhabitants of the State of New York, serving from 1835 to 1836.^[14]

In 1836, Stuyvesant and his wife reserved four acres of the family farm and sold it to the City of New York, for five dollars, as a public park which was originally known as Holland Square, but later became Stuyvesant Square.^[15][16] The western boundary of the park, Rutherfurd Place, was named after his wife.^[8]