Pinealon

Pinealon, also known as EDR peptide, is a synthetic tripeptide of sequence (Glu-Asp-Arg) and purported geroprotector documented in the Russian scientific literature.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] Pinealon is one of several tripeptide "bioregulators" developed in Russia.^[7]^[8]^[9]

Other namesGlu-Asp-Arg

CAS Number

175175-23-2

PubChem CID

10273502

ChemSpider

8448980

Quick facts Clinical data, Other names ...

Pinealon
Clinical data

Other names	Glu-Asp-Arg
Identifiers
IUPAC name (4S)-4-Amino-5-[[(2S)-3-carboxy-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-4-(diaminomethylideneamino)butyl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
CAS Number	175175-23-2
PubChem CID	10273502
ChemSpider	8448980
ChEBI	CHEBI:156374
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₅H₂₆N₆O₈
Molar mass	418.407 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES C(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N)CN=C(N)N
InChI InChI=1S/C15H26N6O8/c16-7(3-4-10(22)23)12(26)21-9(6-11(24)25)13(27)20-8(14(28)29)2-1-5-19-15(17)18/h7-9H,1-6,16H2,(H,20,27)(H,21,26)(H,22,23)(H,24,25)(H,28,29)(H4,17,18,19)/t7-,8-,9-/m0/s1 Key:QPRZKNOOOBWXSU-CIUDSAMLSA-N

Research

Pinealon has been shown to protect rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia and correspondingly improve post natal cognitive function.^[10]

Pinealon likewise maintains learning retention rats with experimentally-induced diabetes.^[11]

Chemistry

Pinealon is a tripeptide composed of L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, and L-arginine and is notated as Glu-Asp-Arg or EDR.^[12]

References

[1]
Meshchaninov VN, Tkachenko EL, Zharkov SV, Gavrilov IV, Katyreva I (2015). "Effect of Synthetic Peptides on Aging of Patients with Chronic Polymorbidity and Organic Brain Syndrome of the Central Nervous System in Remission". Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii. 28 (1): 62–67. PMID 26390612.
[2]
Mendzheritskiĭ AM, Karantysh GV, Ivonina KO (2011). "[Effects of introduction of short peptides before carotid artery occlusion on behaviour and caspase-3 activity in the brain of old rats]". Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii. 24 (1): 74–79. PMID 21809624.
[3]
Khavinson V, Ribakova Y, Kulebiakin K, Vladychenskaya E, Kozina L, Arutjunyan A, et al. (October 2011). "Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes". Rejuvenation Research. 14 (5): 535–541. doi:10.1089/rej.2011.1172. PMID 21978084.
[4]
Kozina LS (2008). "[Investigation of antihypoxic properties of short peptides]". Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii. 21 (1): 61–67. PMID 18546825.
[5]
Khavinson VKh, Lin'kova NS, Tarnovskaya SI, Umnov RS, Elashkina EV, Durnova AO (May 2014). "Short peptides stimulate serotonin expression in cells of brain cortex". Bull Exp Biol Med. 157 (1): 77–80. doi:10.1007/s10517-014-2496-y. PMID 24909721.
[6]
Khavinson V, Linkova N, Kozhevnikova E, Trofimova S (2020-12-31). "EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease". Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 26 (1): 159. doi:10.3390/molecules26010159. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 7795577. PMID 33396470.
[7]
Bashkireva AS, Artamonova VG (2012). "[The peptide correction of neurotic disorders among professional truck-drivers]". Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii. 25 (4): 718–728. ISSN 1561-9125. PMID 23734521.
[8]
Yumpu.com. "GARMONIA Ltd. – visit u". yumpu.com. Retrieved 2024-06-11.
[9]
Kitachev KV, Sazonov AB, Kozlov KL, Petrov KI, Sliusarev AS, Khavinson VK (2014). "[The efficacy of peptide bioregulators of vessels in lower limbs chronic arterial insufficiency treatment in old and elderly people]". Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii. 27 (1): 156–159. ISSN 1561-9125. PMID 25051774.
[10]
Arutjunyan A, Kozina L, Stvolinskiy S, Bulygina Y, Mashkina A, Khavinson V (2012-04-06). "Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia". International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 5 (2): 179–185. PMC 3342713. PMID 22567179.
[11]
Karantysh GV, Fomenko MP, Menzheritskii AM, Prokof'ev VN, Ryzhak GA, Butenko EV (July 2020). "Effect of Pinealon on Learning and Expression of NMDA Receptor Subunit Genes in the Hippocampus of Rats with Experimental Diabetes". Neurochemical Journal. 14 (3): 314–320. doi:10.1134/S181971242003006X. ISSN 1819-7132. S2CID 255382498.
[12]
"Pinealon". PubChem. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2023-09-18.

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