Plymouth Guildhall

The first guildhall can be dated back to the 15th century and is believed to have been located in the Old Town; it was replaced by a second guildhall which was erected in the Southside Street / Woolster Street area in 1440.^[2] A third guildhall was built in the Jacobean style at the junction of High Street and Whimple Street in 1607; this was demolished to allow a fourth guildhall, designed by a Mr Eveleigh, to be built and completed in 1800.^[2]

The foundation stone for the current building, which was the fifth, was laid by the mayor, William Luscombe, on 28 July 1870.^[3] It was designed by Norman and Hine of Plymouth with artistic direction by Edward William Godwin in the Gothic Revival style and built by Messrs Call and Pethick.^[3] The building was one of a pair of civic buildings on opposite sides of Guildhall Square which were built at the same time; facing it on the north side of the square was the Municipal Offices, which housed the council's administrative offices and council chamber. The guildhall incorporated courtrooms and a great hall for ceremonial functions and public events. Both buildings were officially opened by Prince of Wales on 13 August 1874.^[3][4]

The design for the west front of the guildhall, where the entrance now is, involved an octagonal tower on the left and a 50 meters (160 ft) high square tower on the right.^[5] Internally, the principal room was the Great Hall: a pipe organ, made by Henry Willis & Sons, was installed in the hall and the first recital given on 22 October 1878.^[6]

The guildhall and the surrounding buildings, including the municipal offices, were reduced to shells on the night of 21 March 1941 during the Plymouth Blitz of the Second World War.^[3] The ruins of the municipal offices were demolished and not rebuilt.^[4] Paton Watson and Patrick Abercrombie envisaged a Beaux Arts city which would have involved the demolition of the Guildhall: their proposal was rejected by one council vote in 1951.^[1] Following the restoration of the building, which involved a new roof, entrances and interior, the building was re-opened by Field Marshal the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein on 24 September 1959.^[3]

A new headquarters for the city council was completed in 1962 at the Civic Centre, located a short distance to the west of the guildhall.^[7] Meanwhile, the assize courts, which had met in the guildhall, moved to the new Law Courts in Armada Way in 1963.^[8]

The Great Hall is currently a multi-purpose venue, hosting a range of events throughout the year including graduations, award ceremonies, weddings and civil ceremonies.^[9] Fourteen stained glass windows, designed by Frederick Halford Coventry (1905–1997), line the sides of the hall and depict notable moments in Plymouth's history.^[10] A large 19th century tapestry, made at Gobelins Manufactory, hangs at the front and depicts Raphael's vision of the "Miraculous Drought of Fishes".^[10] Famous performers in the hall have included the rock bands The Who in December 1965,^[11] Emerson, Lake & Palmer in August 1970,^[12] Status Quo in March 1973^[13] and Queen in March 1974,^[14] as well as the European Union Chamber Orchestra conducted by Julian Lloyd Webber in April 2009.^[15][16]