Pneumaturia

A common cause of pneumaturia is colovesical fistula (communication between the colon and bladder). These may occur as a complication of diverticular disease. Pneumaturia can also happen if a urinary catheter was recently in the bladder.^{[citation needed]}

Other key differentials:^{[citation needed]}

• Crohn's disease
• Carcinoma of the colon or bladder
• A gas-producing UTI (emphysematous cystitis: rare).
• Emphysematous pyelonephritis.

Male scuba divers utilizing condom catheters or female divers using a She-p external catching device for their dry suits are also susceptible to pneumaturia.^[1]

Diagnosis is made by patient history of passing air or a sputtering urine stream. CT scans may show air in the urinary bladder or bladder walls.^{[citation needed]}