Political activism in Kerala

A record total of 223 hartals were observed in 2006. There were around 363 "Hartals", called by different political parties, between 2005 and 2012. Hartals are called for various political, economic and social reasons.^[2][3]

Between 2000 and 2017, Kerala reported at least 80 political murders.^[4] The state also reported the third-highest number of murders committed (12) due to political reasons in 2015, according to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data.^[5] In the last 17 years, 85 CPM workers, 65 RSS or BJP workers, 11 workers of Congress and IUML each have been killed - mostly by their political rivals.^[6]

Between 2000 and 2016, Kannur district in Kerala reported 69 political murders, with RSS losing almost as many workers as CPM, according to The Hindustan Times. Kannur is considered to be a bastion of Kerala’s communist movement since the 1930s. The district is the homeland of communist veterans like former Member of Parliament A. K. Gopalan, former Chief Minister of Kerala E. K. Nayanar and Azhikodan Raghavan. Kannur is said to be the state’s most violent territory – more so with the advent of the RSS in the 1960s.^[7] Clashes between the RSS and the CPI(M) have claimed over 300 lives since 1969.^[8]

Kiss of Love protest was a non-violent protest against moral policing, which started in Kerala, India, and later spread to other parts of India.^{[9][10][11][12]} The movement began when a Facebook page called 'Kiss of love' called forth the youth across Kerala to participate in a protest against moral policing on 2 November 2014, at Marine Drive, Cochin.^[13][14] The movement received widespread support with more than 154,404 'Likes' for the Facebook page.^[15][16] After the initial protest in Kochi, similar protests were organised in other major cities of the country. It received opposition from various religious and political groups like Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha, SDPI, Vishva Hindu Parishad, Shiv Sena, Bajrang Dal, Hindu Sena and Ernakulam wing of Kerala Students Union.^{[17][18][19][20]} On specific occasions but not exclusively, both the Supreme Court of India and Delhi High Court have made it clear that kissing in public is not an obscene act and no criminal proceedings can be initiated, for kissing in public, through landmark judgments.^{[21][22][23][24][25]}

In 2015, the provincial government in Kerala introduced a law that tried to control hartals and bandhs. According to this new bill, a notification of three days is required for any public agitation. The draft gives the government powers to cancel a strike announced by any party. A punishment of six months' imprisonment is included in the draft bill.^[26]

The social thought and behaviour of the State in general has a strong inclination towards leftism and thus the communist parties have made strong inroads in Kerala. Kerala was the first Indian state where the communists were voted to power.^[27] The Malabar region, particularly Kannur and Palakkad are considered to heartland of communist parties. The Kollam and Alapuzha districts, where trade unions have very strong presence, are generally inclined towards the left parties; though the Congress-led UDF have won elections from the constituencies of these districts several times. The largest communist party in terms of membership is CPI(M) followed by CPI.

• Hartal
• Bandh
• Gherao
• Satyagraha