Prenyltransferase
Protein family
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prenyltransferases (PTs) are a class of enzymes that transfer allylic prenyl groups to acceptor molecules. Prenyl transferases commonly refer to isoprenyl diphosphate syntheses (IPPSs).[2][3] Prenyltransferases are a functional category and include several enzyme groups that are evolutionarily independent.
| Prenyltransferase and squalene oxidase repeat | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Structure of a squalene cyclase.[1] | |||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | Prenyltrans | ||||||
| Pfam | PF00432 | ||||||
| Pfam clan | CL0059 | ||||||
| InterPro | IPR001330 | ||||||
| PROSITE | PDOC00825 | ||||||
| SCOP2 | 1sqc / SCOPe / SUPFAM | ||||||
| OPM superfamily | 37 | ||||||
| OPM protein | 1w6k | ||||||
| |||||||
Prenyltransferases are commonly divided into two classes, cis (or Z) and trans (or E), depending upon the stereochemistry of the resulting products. Examples of trans-prenyltranferases include dimethylallyltranstransferase, and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase. Cis-prenyltransferases include dehydrodolichol diphosphate synthase (involved in the production of a precursor to dolichol). Trans- and cis-prenyltransferases are evolutionarily unrelated to each other and there is no sequential and structural similarity.
The beta subunit of the farnesyltransferases is responsible for peptide binding. Squalene-hopene cyclase is a bacterial enzyme that catalyzes the cyclization of squalene into hopene, a key step in hopanoid (triterpenoid) metabolism.[1] Lanosterol synthase (EC 5.4.99.7) (oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase) catalyzes the cyclization of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene to lanosterol, the initial precursor of cholesterol, steroid hormones and vitamin D in vertebrates and of ergosterol in fungi.[4] Cycloartenol synthase (EC 5.4.99.8) (2,3-epoxysqualene-cycloartenol cyclase) is a plant enzyme that catalyzes the cyclization of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene to cycloartenol.
