Principal areas of Wales

For local government, Wales is divided into 22 sub-divisions collectively called "principal areas" in the 1994 act. They may be styled as either a "county" or a "county borough". Each principal area is overseen by a "principal council", which may also adopt their principal area style, being called a "county council" (Welsh: cyngor sir) or a "county borough council" (Welsh: cyngor bwrdeistref sirol).^[1][2] Although four principal areas, Cardiff, Swansea, Newport and Wrexham, have since obtained city status, therefore may style their principal councils as a "city council" instead.^[3][4][5][6]

The basic framework of local government and specifically a council's constitution and general powers were set out in the Local Government Act 1972, which simplified the existing local governing structure in Wales that existed prior. The later Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 restructured local government, by significantly amending the previous act. The councils of the principal areas are generally supervised by the Welsh Government.^[1][7]

The names of the principal areas, in both English and Welsh, are set out in the 1994 amended version of the 1972 act, under Schedule 4. Section 74 of the 1972 act allows principal councils to change their names, if there is a two-third majority support for such in a specially convened meeting. Since their establishment, multiple councils have pursued a name change. Any notice of a name change has to be submitted to the Welsh Ministers and the Local Democracy and Boundary Commission for Wales. The 1972 changes were enacted in 1974 by the then Conservative administration.^[1][2][8]

The principal areas' councils are unitary, and are sub-divided into communities and electoral wards.^[9]

Some of the principal areas have county borough status, a largely historical status that reflects their historical existence as major population centres.^[9] The eleven county boroughs of Wales are Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Conwy, Merthyr Tydfil, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Torfaen, Vale of Glamorgan and Wrexham. County borough status does not award any different rights compared to the other counties. The 1994 act stated they should not be treated as a "borough" as defined by earlier legislation.^[2]

The other eleven have county status, and are styled as "counties".^[2] Four principal areas, Cardiff, Swansea, Newport and Wrexham, also have city status.^[3][4][5][6]

The principal areas' boundaries are made up of its electoral wards, and the average number of electoral wards in a principal area is 40.^[9]

Following the enacting of the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, the pre-existing eight counties of Wales (now largely the ceremonial preserved counties of Wales) and its 37 districts in place since 1974 were replaced on 1 April 1996, with 22 unitary authorities, the "principal areas".^[9][11][2] The 1994 act also created the communities and preserved counties.^[2]

In 2014, plans were announced to reform local government in Wales, reducing the number of principal areas from 22 to a smaller number of unitary authorities, similar to the counties that they replaced in 1996.^[12][11]

During the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales in 2020, the principal areas were used as a basis for local lockdowns.^[13]

• List of Welsh principal areas
• List of Welsh areas by percentage of Welsh-speakers