Pythium myriotylum

Pythium myriotylum is a causal agent of soft root rot in economically important crops including peanuts, tomato, rye, wheat, oats, cucumber, soybean, sorghum, tobacco, cabbage, and maize.^[2] Pythium myriotylum causes pre-emergence damping off, it infects the seed and causes it to rot before plant growth. This causes the plant seedling to become shriveled, soft, and brown. In a study done on soybeans, some symptoms that were seen were rotting of roots, diseased seedlings in the field, plus rotting and blight of seedlings.^[3] Pythium myriotylum can also cause post-emergence damping off in peanuts, resulting in discoloration of the seedlings and roots along with a water-soaked appearance in certain areas, these symptoms usually result in the death of the seedlings.^[4]

Pythium myriotylum causes disease through direct penetration of the host with appressoria. The oomycete helps invade and colonize the host by secreting cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) this breaks down the plant cell wall.^[1] P. myriotylum has an asexual reproductive cycle that consists of mycelium that produce sporangia. These sporangia germinate by producing zoospores with two flagella that help with zoospore movement. The zoospores are released during wet conditions so that they can move through the soil to infect new hosts.^[4] It also has a sexual reproductive system where mating occurs between the oogonium and antheridium. This produces a thick-walled structure called an oospore. Pythium myriotylum has an overwintering stage through the oospore, also known as, the survival structure. This is the initial innoculum that germinates after its resting period. It is difficult to break the dormancy of P. myriotylum oospores.^[5]