Rafael Alunan Sr.

Rafael Rivas Alunan was born on December 16, 1885 in Talisay City, Negros Occidental to Raymundo Labayen Alunan and Josefa Rivas. He studied in the Colegio de Bacolod de los Recolectos, where he obtained a bachelor's degree in art, before studying in Ateneo de Manila University, where he studied business, and got his degree when he was 17 years old in the class of 1902, and later on, law in the class of 1910.^[2]

In 1912, Alunan became a member of the Philippine House of Representatives for Negros Occidental's 2nd congressional district.^[3] He was re-elected in 1916, becoming the Majority Floor Leader, and again in 1919.^[4]

In 1928, Alunan succeeded Silverio Apostol as Secretary of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce.^[5] While in this position, he attended multiple meetings to the United States to discuss Filipino economic growth.^[4] In 1933, Alunan was moved from his previous position to being the Secretary of Finance, as well as acting Secretary of Public Works and Communications.^[6] However, Alunan served only four months in this position, refusing to continue due to a conflict of interest he held as the President of the Philippine Sugar Association.

In 1938, Manuel L. Quezon appointed Alunan as Secretary of the Interior, which he held until August 1941,^[7] when he was re-appointed as Secretary of Agriculture, serving only four months due to the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in December. However, Alunan returned as the Secretary of Agriculture under the occupation, serving for over three years in his third non-consecutive stint.^[8] 5 days later, the newly elected Filipino President, Jose P. Laurel re-established his position as Secretary of Agriculture until the end of the Japanese Occupation in March 1945.^[9]

In 1947, Alunan was appointed one of five Directors of the National Land Settlement Administration (now the Department of Agrarian Reform).^[10] This was his last position due to his death in May of the same year. ^[11]

In 1945, all of the occupation Laurel Administration's cabinet members, including Alunan, were placed under trial for treason against the people in the Philippines.^[12] Alunan was found not guilty,^[13] as the court determined his duties as Secretary of Agriculture did not show sympathisation or aid to the Japanese.^[14]

Alunan was also the president of the Bacolod-Murcia Milling Company, which controlled much of the Philippines' Sugar in 1928 while Alunan was president of the company.^[15] Alunan also held the presidencies of the Philippine-American Trade Association and Philippine Sugar Association, often meeting with America to discuss the sugar resources in the Philippines and lobby the American government to make goods cheaper for Filipino citizens.^[16][17]

After a meeting in Cotabato regarding the newly formed National Land Settlement Administration (now the Department of Agrarian Reform), Alunan was on board the Lili Marlene bound for Dansalan, when the aircraft crashed near Mount Makaturing in Lanao del Sur. He was one of 17 on board, including Chief of Staff of the Philippine Air Army Corps, Colonel Edwin Andrews, and his successor to the Secretary of the Interior, Francisco Zulueta.^[18]

Alunan was married to Asuncion de la Rama whom he had seven children with. His grandson, Rafael Alunan III was the Secretary of Tourism under Corazon Aquino and the Secretary of the Interior and Local Government under Fidel V. Ramos.^[19]