Raptor Lake

Raptor Lake-S

On September 27, 2022, at their Innovation event, Intel officially revealed six unlocked Raptor Lake SKUs launching for desktop on October 20, 2022.^[24][25] The highest-end Raptor Lake SKU, the 13900KS, which can hit up to 6.0 GHz at stock configuration, debuted in 2023.^[26][27]

Common features of Raptor Lake desktop CPUs:

• Socket: LGA 1700.
• Memory support:
  • All models support up to 128 GB of RAM and up to 256 GB of DDR5 RAM after a BIOS upgrade.
  • All models support DDR4 and DDR5 in dual-channel mode.^[b]
  • All models support up to DDR4-3200 or DDR5-4800. The i5-13600 (K/KF/T) and all models above it support DDR5 speeds up to 5600 MT/s with max 2 DIMMs slotted, 4400 MT/s if 4 DIMMs are slotted.
• All models provide 28 PCI Express lanes:
  • 16 PCIe 5.0 lanes
  • 4 PCIe 4.0 lanes
  • 8 DMI lanes^[22]
• Models without the F suffix feature either of the following integrated UHD Graphics GPUs, all with base frequency of 300 MHz:
  • UHD Graphics 770 with 32 execution units, or
  • UHD Graphics 730 with 24 execution units
• Max Turbo Power: the maximum sustained (> 1 s) power dissipation of the processor as limited by current and/or temperature controls. Instantaneous power may exceed Maximum Turbo Power for short durations (≤ 10 ms). Maximum Turbo Power is configurable by system vendor and can be system specific.
• CPUs in bold below feature vPro Enterprise and UDIMM ECC memory support only when paired with a motherboard based on the W680 chipset.^[28] Other SKUs do not support ECC memory at all.

Suffixes to denote:

• T – Low power (TDP reduced to 35 W)
• F – No integrated graphics
• K – Unlocked clock multiplier
• KF – Unlocked clock multiplier + No integrated graphics
• KS – Unlocked clock multiplier + Special edition

Alder Lake and Raptor Lake mixed models:

• 13400, 13400F

Alder Lake models:

• 13600, 13600T, 13500, 13500T, 13490F, 13400T, 13100, 13100F, 13100T

Raptor Lake-HX

The HX processors are desktop processors repurposed for mobile use, with all models unlocked for overclocking.

• CPUs in bold support vPro Enterprise and UDIMM ECC memory support when paired with the WM790 mobile workstation chipset.
• i7-13650HX and above feature Turbo Boost 3.0, which is at the same speed as Turbo Boost 2.0.
• i9-13980HX supports Thermal Velocity Boost to 5.6 GHz

Alder Lake and Raptor Lake mixed models:

• 13700HX, 13450HX

Alder Lake models:

• 13600HX, 13500HX

Raptor Lake-H

• The iGPU of CPUs in italic is UHD, not Iris Xe.
• i7-13620H and above feature Turbo Boost 3.0, which is at the same speed as Turbo Boost 2.0.

Raptor Lake-PX

These CPUs use BGA1792.

Raptor Lake-P

Raptor Lake-U

The iGPU of CPUs in italic is UHD, not Iris Xe.

Raptor Lake-S Refresh

An iterative refresh of Raptor Lake-S desktop processors were launched as 14th-generation Core processors on October 17, 2023.^[17][18] Raptor Lake-S Refresh uses the same B0 and C0 silicon steppings as Raptor Lake with no physical changes.^[32] The most major change with Raptor Lake-S Refresh is that one fewer E-core cluster is disabled in silicon for Core i7 SKUs.

CPUs in bold below feature UDIMM ECC memory support only when paired with a motherboard based on the W680 chipset according to each respective Intel Ark product page.

• Alder Lake and Raptor Lake mixed models:
  • 14400, 14400F
• Alder Lake models:
  • 14500, 14500T, 14490F, 14400T, 14100, 14100F, 14100T, 300, 300T

Raptor Lake-E Refresh

Embedded Raptor Lake Refresh CPUs lack E-Cores and contain only P-Cores.

Raptor Lake-HX Refresh

An iterative refresh of Raptor Lake-HX mobile processors, called the 14th generation of Intel Core, was launched on January 9, 2024.^[33]

Raptor Lake-U Refresh

Raptor Lake-U Re-refresh

Raptor Lake-H Re-refresh

First round of patching

By April 2024 it was believed by some hardware reviewers to be silicon degradation from power limits being set too high by the motherboard's default settings.^[40][41] Shortly thereafter, motherboard manufacturers began rolling out BIOS updates which provide an "Intel Baseline Profile" preset in the overclocking menu, which intends to enforce the power limits of the official Intel specification.^[42] Hardware reviewer Hardwareluxx had found that there is an average performance loss of 9% across a number of applications with the Baseline profile, compared to the motherboard's default profile, when tested using the i9-14900K.^[40] The BIOS update is also not expected to "fix" any already-compromised CPUs.

In addition, TechSpot found that the Intel Baseline Profile is inconsistent between the motherboard manufacturers (Gigabyte and Asus in particular), with Gigabyte setting a PL2 of 188 W, while Asus sets a PL2 of 253 W which is the official Intel specification. TechSpot further criticized Intel, stating that they had claimed in the past several years that the motherboard manufacturers not adhering to Intel's official specification for power limits were considered normal and "within spec".^[41]

Despite the attempted Intel Baseline Profile fix through BIOS updates, instances of crashes still continue to be reported as of July 2024, now largely affecting game-server providers equipped with server-grade LGA1700 motherboards. One datacenter service provider reported that it was switching some of its customers to AMD-powered game servers because of the severity of the problems and the lack of prompt fixes.^[43][44] Gaming laptops have also been found to be affected, although to a lesser degree.^[45]

Microcode updates

In May 2024 Intel identified a bug within the Enhanced Thermal Velocity Boost (eTVB) algorithm, where the CPU's frequency is not properly reduced under high temperature. This would, in theory, also contribute to accelerated degradation. Intel does not however consider it the root cause of the problem, only it may have been a contributing factor. This is fixed in microcode version 0x125 (June 2024).^[46]

Again, Intel confirmed that there is no fix to the issue if it already affects a CPU, and any damage to the CPU is permanent. Intel has decided not to halt sales or recall any units.^[12]

Though owners of high-end chips like the Core i9-13900K and Core i9-14900K were the most frequently affected by the crashing issue, Intel says that any 13th- or 14th-generation desktop CPU with a base power of 65 W or higher could ultimately be affected in July 2024.

In August 2024, Intel identified a problem in the SVID portion of the microcode where overly-high voltages are requested by the CPU. This is fixed in microcode version 0x129. Intel subsequently contacted motherboard manufacturers to produce BIOS updates containing the new microcode, which they did in the same month.^[47] Users were advised to apply these updates and use the "Intel Default Settings" in their BIOS configuration.^[48] Also, Intel’s released a list of affected CPUs, which includes K- and KF-series CPUs from the 13th- and 14th-generation Core i9, Core i7, and Core i5 families, and also non-K CPUs in the Core i9 and Core i7 families. But slower, more budget-oriented chips like the Core i5-13400 aren’t listed.^[49]

In September 2024, Intel identified a further issue in both microcode and BIOS code, where idling the CPU would request an overly high voltage and speed up aging. The physical "root cause" is identified as a "clock tree circuit within the IA core which is particularly vulnerable to reliability aging under elevated voltage and temperature". The fix is released as microcode 0x12B and BIOS updates are again made. No performance impact is expected according to Intel measurements.^[50]

In May 2025, Intel identified some edge cases not addressed by the 0x12B fix surrounding unresolved degradation in "systems continuously running for multiple days with low-activity and lightly-threaded workloads". The new microcode version is 0x12F. Intel measures no performance difference compared to 0x12B.^[51][52]