Regional Natural Monument of Pedreira do Campo

The first references to this area came from the religious scholar and historian Gaspar Frutuoso who, writing in the 16th century, referred to calcareous sandstone deposits in a quarry near Figuerial, describing the sandstone as "...[having] seafood shells glued on [to] it".

Even after its modern re-discovery, by García-Talavera (in 1997), it attracted little attention, until the first international expedition Paleontology in Atlantic Islands (2002).

A workshop followed, entitled Marine Fossils of the Azores: Perspectives on the Future (presented by the Marine Biology section of the University of the Azores and the Portuguese Ordem dos Biólogos), which first suggested "a proposal for protection and classification of Pedreira do Campo as a Natural Regional Monument.

A technical report was published (M. Cahão, et al., 2003) that eventually laid the foundation for the Natural Monument designation. On 25 December 2002, a resolution-in-council by the Regional Government designated Pedreira do Campo as a Regional Natural Monument (Resolution 203/2002), which was approved as Decree 11/2004/A on 23 March 2004.

Pedreira do Campo is a 200 metres (660 ft) area, once associated with a rock quarrying, but since 2004 integrated into a protected area, that includes exposed sediments, extrusive magmatic and fossil deposits 20 metres (66 ft) deep and 120 to 130 metres (390–430 ft) above sea level.

The rock formation is delimited by a composite of sedimentary rock from the Touril Volcanic Complex and magmatic rocks of the Facho-Pico Alto Volcanic Complex. These units are estimated at five million years in age, from the Miocene to Pliocene epochs.^[1] The sedimentary deposits consist of horizontal layers intercalated into volcanic material of limestones, breccias, sandstones and conglomerates, as well as sub-aerial deposits.^[2]

It is one of the areas where abundant fossilized bicarbonate rocks have been discovered, including micro- and macro-fossils of algae, coral, bi-valve mollusks, gastropods, echinoderms, as well as bio-eroded sponges and bi-valve skeletons.^[2]

In terms of natural biological species, the area is known for Myrica faya (evergreen shrub), Myrtus communis (myrtle) and the endemic Scabiosa nitens.^[2] Migratory and marine bird species common to the area include the common buzzard (Buteo buteo rothschildi), the Columbian rock pigeon (Columbia livia atlantis), European greenfinch (Carduelis chloris aurantiiventris) and Atlantic canary (Serinus canaria).^[2]

• Madeira, Patrica; Kroh, Andrea; Frias Martins, António M. de; Ávila, Sérgio P. (2007), "The Marine Fossils from Santa Maria Island: An Historical Overview", Açoreana, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Portugal, pp. 59–73{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• M. Cachão; J. Madeira; C. Marques da Silva; J. M. N. Azevedo; A. P. Cruz; C. Garcia; F. Sousa; J. Melo; M. Aguiar; P. Silva; R. Martins; S. Ávila (2003), Pedreira do Campo (Santa Maria, Açores): Monumento Natural, Ciências da Terra (UNL) (PDF), pp. 120–123
• Ávila, Sérgio; Medeiros, André; Madeira, Patrícia; Borges, Paulo Amaral; Cordeiro, Ricardo; Meireles, Ricardo; Ramalho, Ricardo (2010), Os Fósseis de Santa Maria (Açores) (in Portuguese), Ponta Delgada (Azores), Portugal: Marine PalaeoBiogeography Working Group, University of the Azores, ISBN 978-989-8164-09-4
• DRA, ed. (2015), Monumento Natural Regional de Pedreira do Campo (in Portuguese), Horta (Azores), Portugal: Direção Regional do Ambiente