Richard Atkinson (MP)
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Richard Atkinson (1739–1785) was an English merchant and government contractor, an East India Company director, and for a short period Member of Parliament for New Romney. He was noted as a supplier of rum to the armed forces, and as a political ally of the 1780s of William Pitt the Younger.[1]
He was born at Temple Sowerby, Westmorland, the third son of the tanner Matthew Atkinson and his wife Margaret Sutton of Kirkby Lonsdale. As a young man he sought his fortune in London's counting houses.[1]
Merchant
In the mid-1760s, Atkinson was an associate of the banker Alexander Fordyce, and lent money to John Bindley for election expenses.[2] Joining the West India merchants Hutchinson Mure, he became a partner there in 1766. Later he was London agent for Paul Benfield, the nabob and financier.[1] Edmund Burke made much of Atkinson's connection with Benfield in speaking on the impeachment of Warren Hastings, after Atkinson's death.[3]

Atkinson with William James and Abel Smith had from 1776 and the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War a contract to supply British forces in Canada.[6] He became famous for his rum contract for the forces. Saying he was uncomfortable with the public criticism to which he was exposed by the contract, he withdrew from most of his business dealings with the government in 1779.[1]
East India Company reforms

Atkinson became a director of the East India Company in 1783.[8] He belonged to a committee of East India Company shareholders, with Laurence Sulivan and George Johnstone, appointed to undermine proposed reforms to the Company brought forward by Charles James Fox, at the period of the Fox–North coalition of 1783. Fox's India Bill was successfully opposed in Parliament.[1]
The coalition was brought down towards the end of 1783, and Atkinson was one of the plotters in a covert move against it that hinged on the "Indian interest". John Robinson switched his support from Lord North to Pitt. Acting for Pitt and Henry Dundas, and with the support of Charles Jenkinson who represented George III, Robinson and Atkinson took soundings in the House of Lords with a view to throwing out the India Bill. The King showed his approval via Earl Temple, and the coalition fell at the beginning of December. Before New Year Pitt had become prime minister.[9]