Ringo R470

Ringo R-470
Developer	Ritas do Brasil Ltda
Type	Home computer
Released	1983; 43 years ago
Introductory price	Cr$ 449,950.00
Operating system	8K Sinclair BASIC
CPU	Z80 @ 3.25 MHz
Memory	16 KB
Removable storage	Audio cassette, 300/2400 bit/s
Display	Monochrome TV; 32 x 24 characters, 64 x 48 using semigraphic symbols
Controller input	Joystick
Connectivity	connector port for a 1200 bit/s modem

DeveloperRitas do Brasil Ltda

TypeHome computer

Released1983; 43 years ago

Introductory priceCr$ 449,950.00

Ringo R-470 was a Brazilian clone of the Sinclair ZX81 by Ritas do Brasil Ltda. introduced in 1983.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] It featured a Z80A processor at 3.25 MHz, 8K ROM and 16 KB RAM.^[9]^[10] It wasn't 100% compatible with the ZX81, and some BASIC tokens have alternate codings.^[1]

It had a connector port for a 1200 bit/s modem and a joystick, and supported data storage using an external cassette recorder at 300 and 2400 bit/s.

There was an option to display "inverted video" (white background with black characters) by pressing INVERSE VIDEO.^[8] The computer also featured separate arrow keys.^[8]

The machine had a price of Cr$449,950,^[9] higher than competitor computers like the TK85 costing Cr$369,850,^[9] and it was not successful.

This computer can be emulated on modern systems under EightyOne Sinclair Emulator or MAME.^[11]^[12]

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BASIC Keyword or Symbol	Entered using
`“`	`Left Shift` + `P`
`“”`	`Left Shift` + `2`
`$`	`Left Shift` + `O`
`(`	`Left Shift` + `X`
(edit mode)	`Left Shift` + `1`
(graphics mode)	`Left Shift` + `9`
`)`	`Left Shift` + `C`
`*`	`Left Shift` + `G`
`**`	`Left Shift` + `F`
`+`	`Left Shift` + `K`
`–`	`Left Shift` + `J`
`/`	`Left Shift` + `H`
`:`	`Left Shift` + `N`
`;`	`Left Shift` + `M`
`<`	`Left Shift` + `V`
`<=`	`Left Shift` + `Y`
`<>`	`Left Shift` + `U`
`=`	`Left Shift` + `L`
`>`	`Left Shift` + `B`
`>=`	`Left Shift` + `I`
`?`	`Left Shift` + `Z`
`ABS`	`Left Control` then `G`
`ACS`	`Left Control` then `R`
`AND`	`Left Shift` + `A`
`ARCTAN`	`Left Control` then `Y`
`ASN`	`Left Control` then `W`
`AT`	`Left Control` then `M`
`CHR$`	`Left Control` then `D`
`CLEAR`	`Z`
`CLS`	`X`
`CODE`	`Left Control` then `C`
`CONT`	`C`
`COPY`	`Q`
`COS`	`Left Control` then `E`
`DIM`	`D`
`EXP`	`Left Control` then `K`
`FAST`	`Left Shift` + `R`
`FOR`	`F`
`GOSUB`	`H`
`GOTO`	`G`
`IF`	`W`
`INKEY$`	`Left Control` then `I`
`INPUT`	`I`
`INT`	`Left Control` then `H`
`LEN`	`Left Control` then `X`
`LET`	`K`
`LIST`	`L`
`LLIST`	`Left Shift` + `4`
`LN`	`Left Control` then `L`
`LOAD`	`A`
`LPRINT`	`Left Shift` + `3`
`NEW`	`M`
`NEXT`	`N`
`NOT`	`Left Control` then `N`
`OR`	`Left Shift` + `Q`
`PAUSE`	`E`
`PEEK`	`Left Control` then `B`
`PLOT`	`Y`
`POKE`	`B`
`PRINT`	`P`
`RAND`	`O`
`REM`	`T`
`RETURN`	`J`
`RND`	`Left Control` then `O`
`RUN`	`R`
`SAVE`	`S`
`SCROLL`	`V`
`SGN`	`Left Control` then `J`
`SIN`	`Left Control` then `Q`
`SLOW`	`Left Shift` + `E`
`SQR`	`Left Control` then `F`
`STEP`	`Left Shift` + `D`
`STOP`	`Left Shift` + `S`
`STR$`	`Left Control` then `S`
`TAB`	`Left Control` then `,`
`TAN`	`Left Control` then `T`
`THEN`	`Left Shift` + `W`
`TO`	`Left Shift` + `T`
`UNPLOT`	`U`
`USR`	`Left Control` then `U`
`VAL`	`Left Control` then `V`
`π`	`Left Control` then `P`

v t e Sinclair computers, derivatives, and clones
Sinclair Research / Science of Cambridge	MK14 ZX80 ZX81 ZX Spectrum (ZX Spectrum+, ZX Spectrum 128) QL
Amstrad	ZX Spectrum +2 ZX Spectrum +3
Licenced systems	ZX Spectrum Vega ZX Spectrum Vega+
Timex Corporation	T/S 1000 T/S 1500 T/S 2068 (TC 2068) TC 2048 TC 3256
Cambridge Computer	Z88
Lists of clones	ZX80/81 clones ZX Spectrum clones QL clones
Compatible or related systems	ZX80 based: MicroAce, TK80, TK82, NE-Z80 ZX81 based: Apply 300, AS-1000, Lambda 8300, CP-200, CZ 1000, CZ 1500, CZ 1000 plus, CZ 1500 plus, NE-Z8000, Ringo R-470, TK82C, TK83, TK85 ZX Spectrum based: ATM, Pentagon, CZ 2000, CZ Spectrum, CZ Spectrum plus, Didaktik, Dubna 48K, Hobbit, Scorpion ZS-256, Sprinter, Kay 1024, Komputer 2086, TK90X, TK95, Robik, ZX Spectrum Next, ZX Touch QL based: CST Thor, One Per Desk, Q40/Q60 Other: SAM Coupé, Jupiter Ace
Sinclair Research peripherals	ZX Printer ZX Interface 1 ZX Interface 2 ZX Microdrive
Timex peripherals	TS2040 Printer TS2050 Modem FDD Disk Drive FDD3000 Disk Drive
Other peripherals	Beta Disk Interface DISCiPLE MB02 Rotronics Wafadrive Multiface Kempston Currah SpecDrum RAM Music Machine Stack Light Rifle Magnum Light Phaser
People	Clive Sinclair John Pemberton Rick Dickinson Richard Altwasser Steve Vickers

Ringo R470

References

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