Ringo R470
Brazilian Sinclair ZX81 clone
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ringo R-470 was a Brazilian clone of the Sinclair ZX81 by Ritas do Brasil Ltda. introduced in 1983.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] It featured a Z80A processor at 3.25 MHz, 8K ROM and 16 KB RAM.[9][10] It wasn't 100% compatible with the ZX81, and some BASIC tokens have alternate codings.[1]
| |
| Developer | Ritas do Brasil Ltda |
|---|---|
| Type | Home computer |
| Released | 1983 |
| Introductory price | Cr$ 449,950.00 |
| Operating system | 8K Sinclair BASIC |
| CPU | Z80 @ 3.25 MHz |
| Memory | 16 KB |
| Removable storage | Audio cassette, 300/2400 bit/s |
| Display | Monochrome TV; 32 x 24 characters, 64 x 48 using semigraphic symbols |
| Controller input | Joystick |
| Connectivity | connector port for a 1200 bit/s modem |
It had a connector port for a 1200 bit/s modem and a joystick, and supported data storage using an external cassette recorder at 300 and 2400 bit/s.
There was an option to display "inverted video" (white background with black characters) by pressing INVERSE VIDEO.[8] The computer also featured separate arrow keys.[8]
The machine had a price of Cr$449,950,[9] higher than competitor computers like the TK85 costing Cr$369,850,[9] and it was not successful.
This computer can be emulated on modern systems under EightyOne Sinclair Emulator or MAME.[11][12]
Keywords and symbols
BASIC keywords and character mapping are slightly altered on Ringo R-470 compared to the ZX81. Entry is still accomplished per keyword token, obtained using different cursor modes and key combinations, but these are different from the ZX81. The following table shows the supported BASIC keyword tokens and symbols, and the key combinations needed to enter them.[1]
| BASIC Keyword or Symbol | Entered using |
|---|---|
“ |
Left Shift + P |
“” |
Left Shift + 2 |
$ |
Left Shift + O |
( |
Left Shift + X |
| (edit mode) | Left Shift + 1 |
| (graphics mode) | Left Shift + 9 |
) |
Left Shift + C |
* |
Left Shift + G |
** |
Left Shift + F |
+ |
Left Shift + K |
– |
Left Shift + J |
/ |
Left Shift + H |
: |
Left Shift + N |
; |
Left Shift + M |
< |
Left Shift + V |
<= |
Left Shift + Y |
<> |
Left Shift + U |
= |
Left Shift + L |
> |
Left Shift + B |
>= |
Left Shift + I |
? |
Left Shift + Z |
ABS |
Left Control then G |
ACS |
Left Control then R |
AND |
Left Shift + A |
ARCTAN |
Left Control then Y |
ASN |
Left Control then W |
AT |
Left Control then M |
CHR$ |
Left Control then D |
CLEAR |
Z |
CLS |
X |
CODE |
Left Control then C |
CONT |
C |
COPY |
Q |
COS |
Left Control then E |
DIM |
D |
EXP |
Left Control then K |
FAST |
Left Shift + R |
FOR |
F |
GOSUB |
H |
GOTO |
G |
IF |
W |
INKEY$ |
Left Control then I |
INPUT |
I |
INT |
Left Control then H |
LEN |
Left Control then X |
LET |
K |
LIST |
L |
LLIST |
Left Shift + 4 |
LN |
Left Control then L |
LOAD |
A |
LPRINT |
Left Shift + 3 |
NEW |
M |
NEXT |
N |
NOT |
Left Control then N |
OR |
Left Shift + Q |
PAUSE |
E |
PEEK |
Left Control then B |
PLOT |
Y |
POKE |
B |
PRINT |
P |
RAND |
O |
REM |
T |
RETURN |
J |
RND |
Left Control then O |
RUN |
R |
SAVE |
S |
SCROLL |
V |
SGN |
Left Control then J |
SIN |
Left Control then Q |
SLOW |
Left Shift + E |
SQR |
Left Control then F |
STEP |
Left Shift + D |
STOP |
Left Shift + S |
STR$ |
Left Control then S |
TAB |
Left Control then , |
TAN |
Left Control then T |
THEN |
Left Shift + W |
TO |
Left Shift + T |
UNPLOT |
U |
USR |
Left Control then U |
VAL |
Left Control then V |
π |
Left Control then P |
