Robert C. Oliver

Robert Chaffee Oliver was born in Manila in the Philippines,^[1] the son of Robert Todd Oliver, an army dentist who rose to the rank of colonel, and Jesse Rowe Oliver.^[2][3] He grew up as an Army brat.^[1]

Oliver entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, on 13 June 1919.^[4] He participated in sports, sang in the Cadet Choir for four years, played guitar, and took part in the traditional Color Line and Hundredth Night theatrical events.^[1] He graduated on 12 June 1923, ranked 160th in his class, and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the field artillery. His first posting was on 19 September, to the 6th Field Artillery Regiment at Fort Benning, Georgia, where he became aide-de-camp to Brigadier General Edgar T. Collins.^[4]

While at West Point, Oliver courted Dorothy Townshend, who was also an Army brat. They married in 1923, and had one child, Robert Townshend Oliver.^[1] Oliver was promoted to first lieutenant on 8 May 1928. He became an assistant recruiting officer in Washington, D.C., on 20 July 1928, but returned to Fort Benning, where he joined the 83rd Field Artillery Battalion on 14 September. He was a student officer the Field Artillery School at Fort Sill, Oklahoma from 5 August 1929 to 14 June 1930.^[4]

After flight training at the Air Corps Primary Flying School at Brooks Field, Texas, Oliver transferred to the Air Corps on 11 July 1930.^[4] He underwent further training at the Air Corps Advanced Flying School at Kelly Field, Texas, from which he graduated on 20 September 1931. He served at the Schofield Barracks in Hawaii with the 19th Pursuit Squadron until 22 November 1933, and then returned to Kelly Field, where he served with the 47th Flying School Squadron.^[5]

He attended the Air Corps Tactical School at Maxwell Field, Alabama, from 25 August 1934 to 4 June 1935. He was promoted to captain on 1 August 1935. He then attended the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, from 19 August 1936 to 22 June 1937, after which he was assigned to the Air Corps tactical School as an instructor in military intelligence. He was promoted to major on 1 July 1940,^[5] and to lieutenant colonel on 15 November 1941.^[6]

From November 1941 to May 1942 he was the air tactical and strategical representative with the U.S. Mission to Africa, the Middle East and India, with the rank of colonel from 1 March 1942. With the United States now involved in World War II, he became commander of the X Air Service Command, based in Delhi, India. He was promoted to brigadier general on 11 December 1942. On 1 February 1943 he assumed command of the China-Burma-India Theater Air Service Command.^[7]

Oliver returned to the United States in June 1944, and commanded the 56th Combat Crew Wing at Morris Field, North Carolina, from 2 August 1944 to 31 August 1945. During this time he served on temporary duty as the aide-de-camp to the Governor General of Canada, the Earl of Athlone, from 21 to 26 March 1945, and to Abd al-Ilah, the Regent of Iraq, from 24 May to 22 June 1945.^[7]

Oliver became chief of staff of the Army Air Forces Central Flying Training at Randolph Field, Texas, on 8 September 1945, and its commanding general on 27 November.^[7]