Rogadius

Rogadius flatheads have two or more preopercular spines have at least two spines on the preoperculum, with the upper spine being the longest. There is no elongation of the upper lobe of the caudal fin with no elongated filament extending out from that fin. The first dorsal fin has between eight or nine spines. the second being equal in height to the third, while the second dorsal fin has no more than twelve soft rays. There are two separate patches of vomerine teeth. There are between 48 and 56 pored scales, each with two pores, on the lateral line with spines on the scales in the anterior portion of that line. The diagonal rows of scales run downwards and backwards over lateral line and the number of these rows is roughly about equal to the number of scales in the lateral line, typically with a difference of only one or two scales. The head has bony ridges which have many fine serrations on them and a single bony ridge on the side of the head underneath the eye with the lower margin of the suborbital not being clearly visible due to being turned inward. The lappet on the iris has two lobes.^[8] The maximum length attained by these fishes varies from a standard length of 11.2 cm (4.4 in) in R. fehlmanni to a maximum total length of 50 cm (20 in) in R. pristiger.^[5]

Rogadius flatheads are found in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans from the Red Sea to Tonga,^[9] north to southern Japan and south to Australia.^[10]