Rolette County, North Dakota
County in the United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rolette County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,187,[1] and was estimated to be 11,692 in 2024.[2] The county seat is Rolla and the largest community is Belcourt.[3]
United StatesOctober 14, 1884 (organized)
Rolette County, North Dakota | |
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 Logo | |
 Location within the U.S. state of North Dakota | |
| Coordinates: 48.768271°N 99.840463°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State |  North Dakota |
| Founded | January 4, 1873 (created) October 14, 1884 (organized) |
| Named after | Joseph Rolette |
| Seat | Rolla |
| Largest community | Belcourt |
| Area | |
• Total | 939.499 sq mi (2,433.29 km2) |
| • Land | 903.042 sq mi (2,338.87 km2) |
| • Water | 36.457 sq mi (94.42 km2) 3.88% |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 12,187 |
• Estimate (2024) | 11,692  |
| • Density | 12.947/sq mi (4.999/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Congressional district | At-large |
| Website | rolettecounty.com |
History
The Dakota Territory legislature created the county on January 4, 1873, with territory partitioned from Buffalo County. It was not organized at that date, and was not attached to another county for judicial or administrative purposes. It was named for Joseph Rolette Jr., a fur trader and political figure from Pembina. The county government was effected on October 14, 1884, with Dunseith as the county seat. In 1885 the county seat was assigned to Saint John, and in 1889 it was assigned to Rolla.
The county boundaries were adjusted in 1883 and in 1887. It has retained its present boundary configuration since 1887.[4][5]
The International Peace Garden is located in the northwest corner of the county along the Canada–United States border with Manitoba.
Geography
Rolette County lies on the northern border of North Dakota with Canada. Gimby Creek and Wakopa Creek flow into the county from Canada. The terrain consists of dry rolling hills in the south, and more verdant low hills in the north and northwest, dotted with lakes and ponds.[6]
Part of the Turtle Mountain plateau lies in the northwestern part of the county. The terrain slopes to the south and east; its highest point is its northwest corner, at 2,195 ft (669 m) ASL.[7]
The Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation is in the northeast section of Rolette County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 939.499 square miles (2,433.29 km2), of which 903.042 square miles (2,338.87 km2) is land and 36.457 square miles (94.42 km2) (3.88%) is water.[8] It is the 44th largest county in North Dakota by total area.[9]
Major highways
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Adjacent counties and rural municipalities
- Municipality of Boissevain-Morton, Manitoba – northwest
- Municipality of Killarney-Turtle Mountain, Manitoba – northeast
- Towner County – east
- Pierce County – south
- Bottineau County – west
Protected areas
Lakes
- Belcourt Lake
- Bigham Lake
- Bymes Lake
- Carpenters Lake
- Coon Lake
- Gatten Lake
- Girl Lake
- Gordon Lake
- Hartley Lake (part)
- Horseshoe Lake
- Island Lake
- Lagerquist Lake
- Lake Upsilon
- Little Gurr Lake
- Long Lake
- Lords Lake (part)
- Mill Lake
- Mill Lake
- Rabb Lake
- School Section Lake
- Schutte Lake
- South Messier Lake (part)
- Ducker Lake
- Twin Lake
- Twin Lakes (part)
- Willow Lake[6]
Demographics
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1890 | 2,427 | — | |
| 1900 | 7,995 | 229.4% | |
| 1910 | 9,558 | 19.5% | |
| 1920 | 10,061 | 5.3% | |
| 1930 | 10,760 | 6.9% | |
| 1940 | 12,583 | 16.9% | |
| 1950 | 11,102 | −11.8% | |
| 1960 | 10,641 | −4.2% | |
| 1970 | 11,549 | 8.5% | |
| 1980 | 12,177 | 5.4% | |
| 1990 | 12,772 | 4.9% | |
| 2000 | 13,674 | 7.1% | |
| 2010 | 13,937 | 1.9% | |
| 2020 | 12,187 | −12.6% | |
| 2024 (est.) | 11,692 | [10] | −4.1% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[11] 1790–1960[12] 1900–1990[13] 1990–2000[14] 2010–2020[2] | |||
As of the fourth quarter of 2024, the median home value in Rolette County was $98,539.[15]
As of the 2023 American Community Survey, there are 3,686 estimated households in Rolette County with an average of 3.23 persons per household. The county has a median household income of $57,355. Approximately 23.5% of the county's population lives at or below the poverty line. Rolette County has an estimated 53.1% employment rate, with 16.6% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 83.9% holding a high school diploma.[2]
The top five reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were English (93.0%), Spanish (0.9%), Indo-European (0.9%), Asian and Pacific Islander (0.6%), and Other (4.5%).
Rolette County, North Dakota – racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
| Race / ethnicity (NH = non-Hispanic) | Pop. 1980[16] | Pop. 1990[17] | Pop. 2000[18] | Pop. 2010[19] | Pop. 2020[20] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 5,091 (41.81%) | 4,204 (32.92%) | 3,416 (24.98%) | 2,802 (20.10%) | 2,298 (18.86%) |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 8 (0.07%) | 28 (0.22%) | 10 (0.07%) | 21 (0.15%) | 13 (0.11%) |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 7,020 (57.65%) | 8,457 (66.22%) | 9,907 (72.45%) | 10,677 (76.61%) | 9,210 (75.57%) |
| Asian alone (NH) | 18 (0.15%) | 13 (0.10%) | 10 (0.07%) | 16 (0.11%) | 23 (0.19%) |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | — | — | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.01%) | 8 (0.07%) |
| Other race alone (NH) | 3 (0.02%) | 5 (0.04%) | 4 (0.03%) | 1 (0.01%) | 8 (0.07%) |
| Mixed race or multiracial (NH) | — | — | 217 (1.59%) | 286 (2.05%) | 490 (4.02%) |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 37 (0.30%) | 65 (0.51%) | 110 (0.80%) | 133 (0.95%) | 137 (1.12%) |
| Total | 12,177 (100.00%) | 12,772 (100.00%) | 13,674 (100.00%) | 13,937 (100.00%) | 12,187 (100.00%) |
2024 estimate
As of the 2024 estimate, there were 11,692 people and 3,686 households residing in the county. There were 4,596 housing units at an average density of 5.09 per square mile (2.0/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 18.5% White (18.2% NH White), 0.5% African American, 77.4% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, _% from some other races and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.3% of the population.[21]
2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 12,187 people, 4,114 households, and 2,857 families residing in the county.[22] The population density was 13.5 inhabitants per square mile (5.2/km2). There were 4,581 housing units at an average density of 5.07 per square mile (2.0/km2).
Of the residents, 33.0% were under the age of 18 and 14.2% were 65 years of age or older; the median age was 33.4 years. For every 100 females there were 99.7 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 94.6 males.[23]
There were 4,114 households in the county, of which 40.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 31.2% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[23]
There were 4,581 housing units, of which 10.2% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 68.4% were owner-occupied and 31.6% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3% and the rental vacancy rate was 10.2%.[23]
The racial makeup of the county was 19.0% White, 0.1% African American, 76.1% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% from some other race, and 4.3% from two or more races, and Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 1.1% of the population.[24]
The most reported ancestries were:[25]
2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 13,937 people, 4,783 households, and 3,413 families residing in the county. The population density was 15.4 inhabitants per square mile (5.9/km2). There were 5,372 housing units at an average density of 5.95 per square mile (2.3/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 20.27% White, 0.15% African American, 77.23% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.11% from some other races and 2.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.95% of the population.
In terms of ancestry, 48.5% were French Canadian, 7.0% were German, 6.8% were Norwegian, and 0.3% were American.
There were 4,783 households, 44.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.1% were married couples living together, 23.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 28.6% were non-families, and 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.39. The median age was 30.5 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $28,265 and the median income for a family was $35,523. Males had a median income of $35,595 versus $27,459 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,632. About 25.9% of families and 31.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.5% of those under age 18 and 24.8% of those age 65 or over.
Population by decade
Communities
Cities
Census-designated places
Unincorporated communities
Townships
- Kohlmeier
- Shell Valley
- South Valley
Unorganized territories
- East Rolette
- North Rolette
- South Rolette
- Turtle Valley
Politics
Due to its Native American majority population, Rolette County voters are historically Democratic, and it is one of the most consistently Democratic counties in North Dakota. Since 1928 the only Republican to carry the county was Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952.[26] It was the only county in the state to support George McGovern in 1972 and is additionally the only North Dakota county to have supported Jimmy Carter in 1980.[27] In each of the five presidential elections from 1996 to 2012, the Democratic candidate received over 60% of the vote, with Barack Obama winning 75.1% in 2008 and 74.0% in 2012.[28][29] In 2016, Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton received 55.9% of the county's votes,[30] one of the two North Dakota counties that she carried.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 1900 | 566 | 60.41% | 355 | 37.89% | 16 | 1.71% |
| 1904 | 912 | 66.38% | 366 | 26.64% | 96 | 6.99% |
| 1908 | 811 | 55.32% | 529 | 36.08% | 126 | 8.59% |
| 1912 | 339 | 26.74% | 396 | 31.23% | 533 | 42.03% |
| 1916 | 600 | 40.00% | 762 | 50.80% | 138 | 9.20% |
| 1920 | 2,139 | 75.05% | 535 | 18.77% | 176 | 6.18% |
| 1924 | 869 | 35.92% | 137 | 5.66% | 1,413 | 58.41% |
| 1928 | 1,327 | 37.50% | 2,181 | 61.63% | 31 | 0.88% |
| 1932 | 706 | 19.59% | 2,855 | 79.22% | 43 | 1.19% |
| 1936 | 857 | 19.34% | 3,186 | 71.89% | 389 | 8.78% |
| 1940 | 1,555 | 35.41% | 2,820 | 64.21% | 17 | 0.39% |
| 1944 | 1,070 | 37.78% | 1,745 | 61.62% | 17 | 0.60% |
| 1948 | 1,179 | 41.09% | 1,565 | 54.55% | 125 | 4.36% |
| 1952 | 2,188 | 65.02% | 1,160 | 34.47% | 17 | 0.51% |
| 1956 | 1,444 | 45.44% | 1,728 | 54.37% | 6 | 0.19% |
| 1960 | 1,277 | 35.33% | 2,335 | 64.59% | 3 | 0.08% |
| 1964 | 892 | 25.80% | 2,566 | 74.20% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1968 | 1,211 | 37.23% | 1,870 | 57.49% | 172 | 5.29% |
| 1972 | 1,713 | 48.13% | 1,803 | 50.66% | 43 | 1.21% |
| 1976 | 1,094 | 29.62% | 2,531 | 68.54% | 68 | 1.84% |
| 1980 | 1,599 | 44.84% | 1,660 | 46.55% | 307 | 8.61% |
| 1984 | 1,479 | 39.43% | 2,179 | 58.09% | 93 | 2.48% |
| 1988 | 1,126 | 31.23% | 2,426 | 67.28% | 54 | 1.50% |
| 1992 | 895 | 24.82% | 2,002 | 55.52% | 709 | 19.66% |
| 1996 | 823 | 22.85% | 2,299 | 63.84% | 479 | 13.30% |
| 2000 | 1,416 | 32.20% | 2,681 | 60.96% | 301 | 6.84% |
| 2004 | 1,392 | 34.42% | 2,564 | 63.40% | 88 | 2.18% |
| 2008 | 1,045 | 23.05% | 3,403 | 75.06% | 86 | 1.90% |
| 2012 | 1,092 | 23.99% | 3,353 | 73.66% | 107 | 2.35% |
| 2016 | 1,217 | 32.41% | 2,099 | 55.90% | 439 | 11.69% |
| 2020 | 1,257 | 33.04% | 2,482 | 65.25% | 65 | 1.71% |
| 2024 | 1,427 | 35.02% | 2,567 | 62.99% | 81 | 1.99% |
Education
School districts include:[33]
- Belcourt Public School District 7 (as the Turtle Mountain Community School, in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE))
- Bottineau Public School District 1
- Dunseith Public School District 1
- Mount Pleasant Public School District 4
- North Star School District 10
- Rolette Public School District 29
- Rugby Public School District 5
- St. John Public School District 3
Former districts:
- Wolford Public School District 1[33] - Closed in 2019[34]