Rose Squire was born in London, the daughter of William Squire, a Harley Street surgeon, and his wife Martha Wilkinson.[1] Her father used a thermometer to assist him.[2] He is thought to have been the first to actually administer ether while a student. After home education, she needed to earn a livelihood aged 32, and she went to train with Lucy Deane.[3] She gained a Diploma from the National Health Society in 1893.[4] She was the first woman to gain a Sanitory Inspector's Certificate in 1894. In 1895 she became a lady inspector of factories, and was appointed senior lady inspector in 1903. In 1906-7 she was a special investigator to the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws.[1] From 1908 to 1912 she was based in Manchester, a city she enjoyed: "Nothing could exceed the friendliness my sister and I experienced in that atmospherically gloomy but socially bright and attractive city."[5] Returning to London in 1912, she worked as a member of the Health of Munitions Workers Committee in the First World War, and was appointed director of the women's welfare department of the Ministry of Munitions in 1918. In 1920 she became the first woman to hold an administrative post in the Home Office. She retired in 1926,[1] receiving a message of congratulation from Queen Mary.[5]
She died at Fryerning, Essex[5] on 15 April 1938.[6]
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