S4 highway (Georgia)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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|---|---|
| საერთაშორისო 4 | |
| Tbilisi–Red Bridge | |
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 | |
| Route information | |
Part of     | |
| Length | 57 km[1] (35 mi) |
| Existed | 1996–present |
| Major junctions | |
| North end | Tbilisi ( ) |
| (km)
8 18 20  Sh161 to Shulaveri | |
| South end | Red Bridge (Azerbaijan border)  () |
| Location | |
| Georgia | |
| Municipalities | Tbilisi, Gardabani, Rustavi, Marneuli |
| Highway system | |
| |
The Georgian S4 route (Georgian: საერთაშორისო მნიშვნელობის გზა ს4, Saertashoriso mnishvnelobis gza S4, road of international importance), also known as Tbilisi–Red Bridge (Azerbaijan border) or Rustavi Highway, is a "road of international importance" within the Georgian road network and runs from Tbilisi via Rustavi city to the border with Azerbaijan at the Red Bridge over a distance of 57 kilometres (35 mi).[1] After crossing the Georgian-Azerbaijan border the highway continues as M2 to Ganja and Baku.
The S4 highway is part of the European E60 and Asian AH5 between the S9 Tbilisi Bypass and Red Bridge. Furthermore, it is part of the European E117 in Tbilisi until the S6 highway junction, while it is part of the Asian AH81 between the S6 and S9 junctions. The highway is mostly located in the southern Kvemo Kartli region. Within the Tbilisi capital region the S4 is a mix of city thoroughfare and expressway of 2x3 lanes. Between Ponitchala and Rustavi the road has been upgraded to a 2x2 motorway while the remainder to the Azerbaijan border is a two lane road. International funds have been raised to upgrade the latter part of the S4 south of Rustavi to a 2x2 motorway and realign the route.[2]
With the Soviet introduction in the early 1980s of the M-roads the current S4 route became entirely part of the M27 highway route that ran from Novorossiysk via Tbilisi to Baku. The Russian part of that M27 existed until 2018 when it got renumbered as A147 highway. Prior to the 1980s the route of today's S4 was unnumbered as was the case with most Soviet roads.[3]
After Georgia regained independence in 1991, the M27 designation was maintained until 1996 when the current route numbering system was adopted. In that year the "roads of international importance" (S-)category was introduced and the "S4 Tbilisi–Red Bridge (Azerbaijan border)" replaced the M27 designation.[4]
The S4 is the most popular route to travel between Tbilisi and Baku, and on both sides of the border the roads are being or going to be upgraded to motorway standards. The S4 has been included in the ambitious Georgian East-West Highway project, which aims to create a 455 kilometres (283 mi) east-west transport corridor through Georgia connecting Azerbaijan, Armenia and Turkey. Within this project Georgian sections of the E60 (Poti-Tbilisi-Red Bridge, Azerbaijan) and E70 (Poti-Batumi-Sarpi, Turkey) highways are upgraded and integrated to strengthen Georgia's position as South Caucasus transport hub.[5] The East-West Highway project includes redesign of major sections of the Georgian S1, S2, S4, S12 and more recently the S7 highway,[2] to grade-separated highways, mostly as 2x2 expressway.
Future
In 2021 the European Investment Bank provided an additional €106.7 million to Georgia for major upgrades to its East-West Highway.[2] These additional funds are dedicated for a realign and upgrade project involving the S4 and S7 highways. The S4 highway will be rerouted between Rustavi and the Red Bridge border crossing to Azerbaijan and will be constructed as 2x2 motorway. Halfway this section a new 2x2 motorway will be constructed in southwestern direction towards the current S7 at Kvemo Sarali village. From here the southern 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) of the S7 to Sadakhlo and the Armenian border will be realigned and rebuild as 2x2 motorway. The redesign of the southern part of the S4 highway has been on the agenda for quite some years. Even though extra financing has been found, it is unknown when construction will commence.
