SMS Luchs

Luchs was laid down at the Kaiserliche Werft (Imperial Shipyard) in Danzig in December 1898 under the provisional name "Ersatz Habicht".^[a] She was launched on 18 October 1899 and curiously, at the ceremony, her name was misspelled as Lux. By the time she was commissioned into active service on 15 May 1900, her name had been corrected. Her first commander was Korvettenkapitän (KK—Corvette Captain) Harald Dähnhardt. The ship thereafter began sea trials.^[2][6] While still on her initial testing, she was assigned to the American Station, along with the protected cruiser Vineta and the unprotected cruiser Geier.^[7] But already on 30 June, Luchs' orders were changed and she was diverted to join the German naval forces in the Far East responding to the Boxer Uprising in Qing China.^[8]

After completing her trials, the ship sailed from Kiel, Germany, on 7 July. While on the way, she met the main element of the German fleet being sent to Chinese waters, centered on the four Brandenburg-class battleships, in Port Said, Egypt. Luchs had a machinery breakdown soon thereafter, however, and had to stop in Aden for repairs from 1 to 9 August. She arrived in Singapore on 29 August and thereafter joined the East Asia Squadron. The squadron commander, aboard his flagship the armored cruiser Fürst Bismarck, ordered Luchs to go to Guangzhou to secure German interests in southern China during the Boxer Uprising. After arriving there on 20 October, she contributed men and weapons to the gunboat Schamien, which had been purchased to assist in suppressing the Boxers.^[8]

In late February 1901, Luchs was relieved by her sister ship Jaguar, allowing the former to sail to Tanggu to assist in the withdrawal of the East Asia Expeditionary Corps. By this time, the Boxer Uprising had been largely defeated. After several weeks at Qingdao and then Shanghai, Luchs was sent up the Yangtze river as far as Hankou, where she remained until early April 1902. While at Hankou, in October 1901, was temporarily replaced by Kapitänleutnant (KL—Captain Lieutenant) Ernst-Oldwig von Natzmer, who was in turn replaced by KK Georg Wuthmann in November. She then joined the unprotected cruisers Schwalbe and Geier at Ningbo, where unrest had broken out. Luchs was soon released, however, and by the end of April, she had arrived in Hong Kong for periodic maintenance that lasted until early June. She spent the next four months patrolling southern Chinese ports, and during this period she also sailed to visit Japan. In November, she embarked the new squadron commander, Vizeadmiral Richard Geissler for a cruise up the Yangtze to Hankou.^[6]

KL Ernst Ewers took command of the ship in January 1903, though he served as captain for just two months.^[9] In February, Tiger repeated the river cruise to Hankou, this time carrying Konteradmiral (KAdm—Rear Admiral) Friedrich von Baudissin, the squadron's deputy commander. The ship thereafter returned to Shanghai for periodic maintenance. She spent the next year touring southern Chinese ports, and only returned to Shanghai for her next annual repair period that lasted from June to August 1904.^[8] By that time, the Russo-Japanese War had broken out. In August, the badly damaged Russian battleship Tsesarevich and three destroyers sought refuge in the German naval base at Qingdao following the Russian defeat in the Battle of the Yellow Sea. As Germany was neutral, the East Asia Squadron interned Tsesarevich and the destroyers. On 13 August, the Russian ships restocked their coal supplies from three British steamers, but the armored cruiser Fürst Bismarck and the protected cruiser Hansa cleared for action to prevent them from leaving the port. The two cruisers were then reinforced by Luchs and her sister Tiger and the cruisers Hertha and Geier.^[10] Luchs thereafter resumed routine cruises in East Asia, and in November, KL Johannes Hartog became the ship's captain.^[6]

In 1905, Luchs conducted her normal routine of peacetime cruises through the East Asia station, including picking up the new squadron commander, KAdm Alfred Breusing in Bangkok, Siam, in November. Breusing was again aboard the ship for a voyage up the Yangtze to Hankou in May 1906. The rest of the year passed uneventfully for Luchs, and in March 1907, she returned to Qingdao for an overhaul that lasted into May. On 25 May, she sailed to try to assist the French armored cruiser Chanzy, which had run aground off Zhoushan, but the French refused German assistance. In January 1908, Luchs embarked the squadron commander and his staff in the mouth of the Mekong river in southern French Indochina and took them to Siam to make a formal visit to King Chulalongkorn in Bangkok. The rest of the year passed uneventfully for Luchs, with the exception of the November arrival of KK Karl von Hornhardt, the ship's next captain.^[11] The ship spent December 1909 and early January 1910 in Hong Kong for the Christmas and New Year's festivities in company with the armored cruiser Scharnhorst and the light cruiser Leipzig. In January, Scharnhorst, Leipzig, and Luchs went on a tour of East Asian ports, including Bangkok, Manila, and stops in Sumatra and North Borneo. By 22 March, the ships had returned to the German port at Qingdao.^[12]

Later in 1910, significant unrest in Hubei province in central China prompted the Germans to send Luchs, her sister Iltis, and the river gunboat Otter to protect German interests there, along with naval forces from other countries. In January 1911, the squadron commander—KAdm Erich Gühler—died of typhus, and Luchs sent men to escort his body from the consulate in Hong Kong to the Norddeutscher Lloyd steamship Bülow to be taken back to Germany. The procession also included men from the gunboat SMS Tsingtau and a British contingent. On 1 November, Luchs resumed cruising in the region before entering the Yangtze for a repair period at Hankou. The city was at the center of the Xinhai Revolution, which would go on to topple the Qing dynasty. The ship was later sent to Nanjing and Shanghai to protect foreign nationals in those cities, remaining there for the next year. These duties were interrupted by a trip to Japan in July 1912. In late 1912 and early 1913, she made another cruise in the Dutch East Indies before returning to various ports in China to continue to guard against unrest during the revolution.^[13]

In mid-July 1914, Luchs was in the shipyard in Shanghai undergoing periodic maintenance when she received orders to return to Qingdao immediately. She was to join Iltis and the torpedo boat S90 to defend the harbor. Following the outbreak of World War I at the end of the month, Luchs and Tiger were disarmed to equip the Norddeutscher Lloyd post steamer Prinz Eitel Friedrich so it could be used as an auxiliary cruiser to raid enemy merchant shipping. The commander of Luchs, KK Thierichens, left the ship to command Prinz Eitel Friedrich, and many men from both gunboats were sent to man the cruiser, which sailed on 6 August to join the main elements of the East Asia Squadron. Luchs, meanwhile, was decommissioned and laid up initially in the outer harbor. She was later towed into the inner harbor, where on the night of 28–29 September during the Siege of Qingdao, she was scuttled at the direction of the leader of the shipyard there.^[13] Three of her sisters were also scuttled during the siege, including Iltis which was scuttled the same day as Luchs.^[14]

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36°03′00″N 120°16′00″E / 36.0500°N 120.2667°E / 36.0500; 120.2667