SS Selma (1919)
Concrete oil tanker vessel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
SS Selma was a concrete-hulled oil tanker built as part of the World War I Emergency Fleet, one of only twelve concrete ships that were completed for it. SS She barely saw service before being wrecked, and was scuttled a few years later. Now, Selma is the only permanent, and prominent, wreck along the Houston Ship Channel. She lies approximately one mile north of Galveston Island.
- USSB (1919–March 1922)
- J. E. Peterson and J. L. Bludworth (March 1922–)
- Novie Brown (–1992)
- A. Pat Daniels (1992–2007)
- A. Pat Daniels - S.S. Selma, Inc. (2007–)
Wreckage of SS Selma in 2013 | |
| History | |
|---|---|
| Name | SS Selma |
| Owner |
|
| Operator | American Fuel Oil & Transportation Co. (May 8, 1920–) |
| Builder | F.F. Ley and Company, Mobile, Alabama |
| Cost | $1,865,950.16 ($34.3 million in 2025)[1] |
| Launched | June 28, 1919[2] |
| Identification |
|
| Fate | Abandoned in 1922 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Design 1100 concrete tanker |
| Tonnage | |
| Displacement | 13,040 tons of loaded displacement[5]: 47 |
| Length | |
| Beam | 54.0 ft (16.5 m)[4] |
| Draft | 26.0 ft (7.9 m)[8] |
| Depth | 34.4 ft (10.5 m)[4] |
| Decks | Two[4]: VI 94 |
| Installed power | Three Foster boilers fueled by a bunker of 256,000 US gal (970,000 L; 213,000 imp gal) capacity[8][4]: 482 |
| Propulsion | |
| Speed | 10.5 knots (19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph)[4]: 490 |
| Range | 6,500 mi (10,500 km) cruising radius[4]: 490 |
| Capacity | 3,000,000 US gal (11,000,000 L; 2,500,000 imp gal)[4]: 490 |
| Crew | 49[4] |
SS Selma (steamship) | |
  SS Selma  SS Selma | |
| Nearest city | Galveston, TX |
| Coordinates | 29°20′39″N 94°47′11″W |
| Area | 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| NRHP reference No. | 93001449 |
| Added to NRHP | January 5, 1994[10] |
Construction and career
Steel shortages during World War I led the US to build concrete ships as part of the Shipping Board's Emergency Fleet program. When the armistice was signed, the shipbuilding program was scaled back, leaving only twelve of its planned concrete ships to finish construction.[5]: 76 The Selma was constructed by Fred T. Ley & Co. in Mobile, Alabama.[3] Her name was chosen to honor Selma, Alabama, for having the state's largest contribution to the liberty loan drive.[2] The ship was launched sideways at 3 p.m. on June 28, 1919.[2][11] She was the largest concrete ship in the world at the time of her launch, was the largest of the Shipping Board's concrete ships, and was the sister ship to the SS Latham.[2][12][13] She underwent sea trials in February 1920, and was documented on May 6.[14]: 169
On May 8, operated by the American Fuel Oil and Transportation Co, she entered service in the oil trade.[5]: 78 [14]: 169 However, on May 22, 1920,[15][16] she struck a jetty in Tampico, Mexico, tearing a 60-foot (18 m) hole in her hull and spilling thousands of barrels of oil.[14]: 169 She was refloated and kept in harbor alongside her sister ship, the Latham, which had suffered a similar accident.[13] From August 12–15, she was towed to Galveston, Texas, for intended repairs. She was shuffled between piers for a time until July 13, 1921, when she was struck by another steamer, the Carmarthenshire, which put another hole in her stern.[14]: 169 Afterward, she was stripped for parts and her documents were surrendered on February 21, 1922.[14]: 169 She was then towed out and placed in a 1,500-foot-long (460 m), 25-foot-wide (7.6 m) channel off Pelican Island and was sunk on March 9.[12] The wreck was sold a few days later to J. E. Peterson and J. L. Bludworth.[17]
Her wreck was used for storage and disposal of bootleg liquor during the Prohibition era, as an explosives storage site in 1926, and as a staging area for an oil exploration company in 1928.[18] Testing of her concrete in the 1950s and 1980s revealed that it became stronger over time,[d] peaking in about 1975, and that it showed little signs of corrosion.[18]
A. Pat Daniels, a Texas journalist, historian, and author, purchased the ship in 1992 from Novie Brown (Hargett) after discovering that she was privately owned.[18] Through his efforts, the SS Selma was designated a Texas State Archeological Landmark in 1993, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, was recognized with a Texas Historical Commission marker located on nearby Pelican Island, and was named the official flagship of the Texas Army.[12][18][19] After Daniels died in 2011, control of the corporation was transferred to his friends William and Edna Cox,[18] who had helped Daniels incorporate the ship as protection from a potential liability lawsuit. On their passing, control of the company went to their son, Ken Cox.[20]
Gallery
Design 1100 inboard profile and hold plans
Design 1100 deck plans
