Sabinal Formation
Geological formation in Oaxaca, Mexico
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The Sabinal Formation is a Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous-aged geological formation in Oaxaca, Mexico. It preserves a highly diverse marine fauna.[1][2]
Typesedimentary
Unit ofTlaxiaco Basin
UnderliesTlaxiaco Formation
OverliesConsuelo Group, Tecocoyuncan Group
| Sabinal Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: | |
| Type | sedimentary |
| Unit of | Tlaxiaco Basin |
| Underlies | Tlaxiaco Formation |
| Overlies | Consuelo Group, Tecocoyuncan Group |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Shale |
| Other | Mudstone, wackestone, marl |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 17.3°N 97.7°W |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 11.6°N 49.7°W |
| Region | Oaxaca |
| Country | Mexico |
It was initially thought to only encompass the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian & Tithonian), but more recent studies have redefined it to cover the earliest Cretaceous (Berriasian & Valanginian) as well. It is part of the Tlaxiaco Basin, a prominent structural basin in southern Mexico that accumulated both continental and marine sediments between the Early Jurassic and the Paleogene.[2] The most prolific site of the formation is the Kimmeridgian-aged Llano Yosobe site near Tlaxiaco.[1]
Vertebrate paleobiota
Cartilaginous fish
| Cartilaginous fish of the Sabinal Formation | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images | |
| Planohybodus | P. sp. | Yosobé | Kimmeridgian | Teeth | A hybodont.[1] | ||
Ray-finned fish
| Ray-finned fish of the Sabinal Formation' | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images | |
| Belonostomus | B. ornatus | Cerro de la Virgen | Berriasian | An aspidorhynchid.[3][4] | |||
| Gyrodus | G. sp. | Yosobé | Kimmeridgian | Teeth, partial skeleton | A pycnodont. The most abundant vertebrate fossil in the formation.[1] | ||
| Nhanulepisosteus | N. mexicanus | Yosobé | Kimmeridgian | Partial cranium | A gar, the earliest known from the fossil record.[5] | ||
| Otomitla | O. mexicana | Cerro de la Virgen | Berriasian | An ichthyodectiform.[4] | |||
| O. speciosa | |||||||
| Pleuropholidae indet. | Yosobé | Kimmeridgian | Trunk with scales | A pleuropholid.[1] | |||
| Pleuropholis | P. cisnerosorum | Yosobé | Kimmeridgian | Partial skull | A pleuropholid.[6] | ||
| ?Thrissops | T. sp. | Cerro de la Virgen | Berriasian | An ichthyodectiform.[4] | |||
| Vinctifer | V. ferrusquiai | Yosobé | Kimmeridgian | Parts of head and trunk | An aspidorhynchid.[7] | ||
Reptiles
Crocodylomorphs
| Crocodylomorphs of the Sabinal Formation | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images | |
| Maledictosuchus | M. nuyivijanan | Yosobé | Kimmeridgian | Nearly complete cranium, jaws, and some vertebrae | A metriorhynchid thalattosuchian. First record of this genus outside Europe.[8] | ||
| Torvoneustes | T. mexicanus (=Plesiosaurus mexicanus, Cricosaurus mexicanus) | Unknown, but most likely Yosobé | Kimmeridgian | Parts of cranium and jaws | A metriorhynchid thalattosuchian. First record of this genus outside Europe.[9] | ||
Turtles
| Turtles of the Sabinal Formation | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images | |
| Notoemys | N. tlaxiacoensis | Yosobé | Kimmeridgian | Nearly complete carapace with plastron | A stem-group sideneck turtle.[10][11] | ||
Plesiosaurs
| Plesiosaurs of the Sabinal Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Liopleurodon | L. sp. | Yosobé | Kimmeridgian | Partial jaw with teeth | A pliosaur. First record of this genus outside Europe.[12] | |
| Pliosauridae indet. | Yosobé | Kimmeridgian | Vertebrae and ribs | An indeterminate pliosaur. Remains appear to have been scavenged by Planohybodus.[12] | ||
Ichthyosauria
| Ichthyosaurs of the Sabinal Formation | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images | |
| Ophthalmosauridae indet. | Yosobé | Kimmeridgian | Vertebrae | An ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur. | |||