Salt and Sea, Fire and Blood

In the Vale

A weak, delirious Rhaena approaches the wild dragon and forms an uneasy bond with it when, after fleeing her, it returns and cooks her sheep to eat. Rhaena mounts Sheepstealer, and takes him on a ride.

In the Riverlands

The Lannister army, led by Jason, clash with Daemon Targaryen's forces but are quickly overwhelmed. When he orders a retreat, his escape is prevented by the arrival of Roderick Dustin and the Winter Wolves from the North,^[a] with Roderick killing Jason and presenting his severed head to Daemon to show fealty.

On the Isle of Faces near Harrenhal, Ulf recounts his abusive childhood, including sexual exploitation by a Red Priest, to Hugh and Addam, and also expresses desire for a castle and respect. Not having seen Aemond, the trio argue over whether to remain or return to Dragonstone. After an antler-wearing Green Man briefly appears, Alys Rivers then appears, warning them they are missing the battle and are needed back at Dragonstone.

At their camp, Gwayne becomes increasingly unsettled by the non-arrival of Aemond and Vhagar, who was supposed to join their campaign several days prior, and the behaviour of the men, including a sexual assault on a village girl, and brings these concerns to Criston Cole, busy painting his shield, who has grown despondent and tells him that war will turn them into beasts eventually and that they will die if Aemond does not join them.

In the Crownlands

Having fled King's Landing, Larys Strong and Aegon Targaryen travel to parts unknown in a covered wagon. Aegon is struggling with crippling pain and asks Larys if he brought any milk of the poppy to ease it, but Larys tells him he did not. The wagon is intercepted by soldiers loyal to the Blacks and, when Aegon is unwilling to bend the knee to Rhaenyra, Larys reveals Aegon's identity, handing the soldiers Aegon's crown as proof. Larys then convinces them that he and Aegon are more valuable as hostages than corpses; others who had accompanied them are killed.

In King's Landing

Finding out that Aegon is missing, Aemond Targaryen threatens to kill Grand Maester Orwyle if he does not reveal Aegon's location, but is prevented from doing so by Lord Wylde, who informs him that Larys is also gone. Alicent returns and is shocked to find Aegon is gone and Aemond has declared himself King. He questions where she has been, but she tells him that she felt underutilized and went to spend time in the forest, and attempts to convince him to continue the original plan of taking Vhagar to fight Daemon. She forges a letter from Aemond and has it sent to her cousin Ormund, who is leading the Hightower army through the Reach to defend King's Landing, ordering him and his men to remain in place for 3 days. Later, Alicent tells Aemond that she failed to prepare Aegon to rule and that he should have been King all along, and that if he does not leave, Rhaenyra will send her dragons to kill him. Aemond kisses Alicent on the lips, surprising her, and tells her he will go to the Riverlands, kill Daemon, and hold a feast in her honor.

At Dragonstone

Returning from her meeting with Alicent,^[b] Rhaenyra Targaryen tells the Black Council they will attack King's Landing in two days. Jacaerys warns her Alicent cannot be trusted and that it is a trap, sentiments echoed by her other advisors, but Rhaenyra affirms her faith that Alicent was speaking the truth. Baela alerts Rhaenyra that there is war in the Gullet, and Rhaenyra announces her plan to assist her men on Syrax. Fearing for his mother's safety and wanting to prove himself after feeling frustrated that she placed her trust in Alicent over him, Jace has Rhaenrya locked in her room and convinces Baela to accompany him; Ser Lorent refuses Rhaenyra's entreaties to open the door. Realizing what Jace is planning, Rhaenyra breaks down in front of Mysaria and destroys her dresses.

On the Narrow Sea

Aboard his ship, Corlys Velaryon has a heart-to-heart with his bastard son Alyn of Hull and admits his failings as a father. They are interrupted when Sharako Lohar, in the Bitchfist, leads the Triarchy fleet in an attack on the Velaryon ships blockading the Gullet, inflicting heavy damage. Fueled by her hatred of Corlys, Lohar ignores Tyland Lannister's insistence that she stick to her agreement, orders her men to burn Corlys' home High Tide on Driftmark to unsettle him, and pursues him with two other ships through a treacherous pass filled with rocks. Corlys is confident that Lohar lacks the skills to successfully sail through the pass, but she orders her men to throw Tyland and the other armored Lannisters into the ocean to make her ship lighter and rams into Corlys' boat at full speed. Lohar and her forces board the ship and she engages Corlys in combat. In the ensuing struggle, she manages to push the heavily-armoured Corlys into the sea before she is attacked by Alyn. When the boat splits in half, they both fall into the bowels of the ship's wreckage, and Alyn kills her by stabbing her in the neck.

Jace and Baela support the Velayron fleet on their dragons Vermax and Moondancer, significantly aiding them. Lohar briefly ensnares Vermax by firing a tethered harpoon, but Moondancer helps him break free. Flying back to Dragonstone on Sheepstealer, Rhaena sees the battle from afar and decides to help, but she is unable to control the wild and unpredictable dragon, who begins burning ships indiscriminately. Sheepstealer then goes after Moondancer, causing Jace and Vermax to pursue. Realizing that Rhaena is riding, Jace is forced to abort an attack on Sheepstealer and Vermax ends up flying so low to the water that he is unable to escape when he is hit by a second harpoon. Jace frees himself as Vermax drowns and clings to a piece of driftwood, only to be shot three times by Triarchy marksmen and killed. Moondancer surveys the battlefield wreckage.

Writing

"Salt and Sea, Fire and Blood" was written by series co-creator Ryan Condal, and directed by Loni Peristere.^[1] The episode marks Condal's seventh writing credit and Peristere's second directing credit after "The Red Sowing".^[2][3] It is the second episode in the A Song of Ice and Fire television franchise to feature the motto of House Targaryen in the title, following "Fire and Blood", the season finale of the first season of Game of Thrones. The majority of the episode was written in 2023 prior to the filming of season two, as Condal originally intended for that season to run for ten episodes, but following interruptions to production due to the Writers Guild of America strike and budget cuts across Warner Bros. Pictures, the episode had to be moved to the start of the third season.^[4]

Tom Bennett stated that he was made aware of Ulf's tragic and abusive backstory back when his character was first introduced in season two, noting that Condal had already written the speech Ulf makes in "Salt and Sea, Fire and Blood" prior to the character's debut in "Rhaenyra the Cruel", and gave Bennett a copy to help inform his performance.^[5]

Of Aemond's motivation to kiss his mother Alicent, Ewan Mitchell explained, "Aemond's trying to read between the lines, see if there is an ulterior motive there. When I read it in the script for the first time, I just thought, 'Oh, that's something. Quite out there.' I kind of saw it coming with everything that I've explored with Aemond and his relationship with Alicent" and that Aemond now views himself as the head of the family following the disappearances of Otto and Aegon and is trying to establish his power. Olivia Cooke added that Alicent was unaware of the "Oedipal undercurrent" to their relationship and that she finds the kiss "shocking" but goes along with it because "she knows that one wrong facial expression, one perceived rejection, will cost her her life. So she's trying to tread very, very carefully. But I do think she's sort of stupefied in that moment."^[6]

Discussing Rhaenyra's frustrations with her council, Emma D'Arcy advised that, "for two seasons we've seen Rhaenyra restrained from action, often by her male council. And at the start of Season 3, there's finally huge momentum in her campaign, and she is poised to move into action. That momentum hits a very sudden brick wall — or locked door", and that she takes her rage and internalised misogyny out by destroying her riding leathers. Of Jace being the one to imprison Rhaenyra, D'Arcy said, "there's something interesting going on here, where something that's framed as protection or care is actually an arm of control. I think that's a strong tool within the toolkit of patriarchy".^[7]

Speaking on his character Jace's decision to defy Rhaenyra, Harry Collett stated, "she has been fighting so hard to keep me at home and keep me safe because she knows that I'm the heir. Now, he's playing the 'I don't want to listen to mum. I'm gonna be my own man now,' which is completely fair enough because 16 in the Game of Thrones world is probably 30-odd." Collett asked if he could shout the iconic "dracarys" command during the battle, which wasn't in the original script, joking that there was "no way" he could leave the show without saying it. Of his character Jace's death, Collett was aware of his fate when he initially signed onto the show in season one and that Condel called him to talk him through the scenes.^[8] He described it as "the perfect death" and that his time on the show had been an "absolute joy", noting that there was "no way Jace couldn't have died" once he'd made up his mind to ride into battle. Collett stated that Jace felt "young and vulnerable" once he was separated from Vermax and the first arrow hit him, and that he believes that Jace's final thoughts would be him regretting his decision to go and wishing his mother Rhaenyra was with him.^[9]

Abigail Thorn, who plays Lohar, stated that she had a lot of input into her character's death and emotional arc throughout the episode. She explained, "the script just says that they fight and she dies - and I decided that in her very final moments, she is just a woman who is afraid. There's that beautiful moment where [Alyn] lifts her up out of the water, and all the blood and grime has washed off her face, and she's just a woman who is scared. And in that final moment, I think you see everything that this battle and this quest has cost her, and it makes [Alyn] look like a real monster as well."^[10]

Filming

Condal described the Battle of the Gullet scenes as "unlike anything that's ever been done on television before" and referred to the undertaking as "kind of crazy and frankly irresponsible" but that the effort was "necessary" and "a seminal moment for the show". The episode used three million litres of water, four boat sets, wet, dry, and underwater tanks, 15,000 stunt crowds, 3,500 props, and 25 tons of propane, with the production team setting a new Guinness World Record when 23 stunt performers were ignited in one take. Each actor was briefed with models and pictures as well as discussions around their emotional journey throughout the battle, plus weeks of stunt choreography. Steve Toussaint, who plays Corlys, spoke of the challenge of transitioning from the gym training to performing the stunts on the slippery moving sets in heavy armour, joking that, "there was one move that I had where I was supposed to kick somebody in the chest, and I was like, ‘Yeah, that’s gonna look sexy,’ and then I put the armor on, I couldn’t get my feet above his knees!". Abigail Thorn, who plays Lohar, stated that she put on almost 15kg of muscle during the boxing and sword training, while Abubakar Salim, who plays Alyn, expressed of the first day of filming felt appropriately chaotic stating, "the energy was almost like a mosh pit and it was frightening because it wasn’t about picking sides; it was about surviving and you could feel that. I remember swiping against someone on my own side and being like, ‘No! You should be swiping over here!’ But I think that’s what’s kind of cool and magical about it". Harry Collett who plays Jace spent the majority of his filming in the studio trying to figure out how to effectively emote while on dragonback and spoke of how the wind machines were so forceful that Peristere had to direct him using a megaphone.^[11]

Peristere, a self-described "fanboy" of George R. R. Martin's books, stated that he wanted the battle to be "epic" and that he and his core creative team were inspired by a painting of the Battle of Trafalgar and the 2003 film Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World which helped inform their approach to capturing the naval scenes. Peristere wanted everything taking place on the ships to feel "legitimate and real and present", opting to use largely uninterrupted cuts to keep the viewers in the action with the characters, and that he worked extensively with the background actors, many of whom had real naval experience, to ensure that everyone on screen was "doing the right thing". Filming the battle took excessive planning, and Peristere stated that he created a 186-page document detailing what each department needed to do in order to execute his vision, and that he and the team were challenged by the budget and tight filming schedule. He also spent time talking with the cast to ensure that the episode was centred on the characters and the "human drama" in addition to the action and spectacle.^[12]

Collett spend two full days filming Jace's death scenes in a cold water tank, being repeatedly dunked while strapped to a motorised saddle with a team of scuba divers on standby in case of emergency. He noted that the show's medic briefly thought he'd developed hypothermia when some of the dye from Jace's riding gloves began to color his fingers blue, something Collett described as "one of my funniest moments of filming" once he realized he was not actually in danger.^[13] He called the scenes "the hardest acting I've ever done in my life" due to the challenges associated with playing dead, and keeping his eyes open and staying afloat in the water tank.^[14]

Casting

The episode stars Matt Smith as Daemon Targaryen, Emma D'Arcy as Rhaenyra Targaryen, Olivia Cooke as Alicent Hightower, James Norton as Ormund Hightower, Steve Toussaint as Corlys Velaryon, Fabien Frankel as Criston Cole, Matthew Needham as Larys Strong, Sonoya Mizuno as Mysaria, Tom Glynn-Carney as Aegon II Targaryen, Ewan Mitchell as Aemond Targaryen, Harry Collett as Jacaerys Velaryon, Phia Saban as Helaena Targaryen, Bethany Antonia as Baela Targaryen, Jefferson Hall as Tyland and Jason Lannister, Abubakar Salim as Alyn of Hull, Clinton Liberty as Addam of Hull, Phoebe Campbell as Rhaena Targaryen, Kurt Egyiawan as Orwyle, Freddie Fox as Gwayne Hightower, Gayle Rankin as Alys Rivers, Kieran Bew as Hugh Hammer, Tom Bennett as Ulf White, and Joplin Sibtain as Jon Roxton.

Following the death of Jacaerys Velaryon, this episode marks Collett's final major appearance in the series, though he is featured the following episode as a corpse. It also marks the final appearance of Hall as Jason Lannister, and Abigail Thorn as Sharako Lohar. Norton and Sibtain make their first appearance and join the main cast in this episode, with co-stars Tommy Flanagan as Roderick Dustin and Annie Shapero as Alysanne Blackwood also making their first appearance.

Ratings

In the United States, "Salt and Sea, Fire and Blood" was watched by a total of 21.5 million viewers across HBO and HBO Max, down 8% from the second season premiere "A Son for a Son", though it is noted that this episode had to compete with the 2026 FIFA World Cup. Reports state that anticipation for the episode, and the third season overall, led to an increase in viewership for the first two seasons leading up to the debut of the season three premiere.^[16]

Critical response

The episode received acclaim from critics. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, it holds an approval rating of 90% based on 10 reviews, with an average rating of 7.7/10.^[17]

Helen O'Hara of IGN gave the episode a score of 10 out of 10. She felt that the long-awaited Battle of the Gullet "hugely exciting", and "every bit as spectacular as we could have hoped, all pirate battles and flaming missiles and hand-to-hand combat. It’s surrounded by the sort of scheming, seduction, confession and devastation that makes for good character drama too." She praised the performance of Abigail Thorn as Lohar and called the death of Jace "devastating", but was somewhat mixed on the decision to have Rhaeneyra quote Elizabeth I. She remarked that "if the rest of the season is anything like this, this Game of Thrones spin-off might finally have a way to outfight its predecessor."^[18]

Writing for Den of Geek, Alec Bojalad wrote that, "Ryan Condal, and the rest of production clearly put real time and money into this momentous occasion and it shows. While the watery, smoke-filled melee doesn’t quite reach the same dramatic heights as Game of Thrones classics like the Battle of the Bastards or Blackwater, it’s a suitably epic and bloody affair that kicks the season off on a strong note." He praised Condal's script for balancing the Battle of the Gullet's naval and aerial dragon elements and the addition of Rhaena and Sheepstealer, a deviation from the books. Bokalad called Jace's death "one of the more striking images presented on the show yet" and the overall spectacle of the battle. He was more mixed on the rest of the episode, describing each of the other storylines as "conceptually strong" but "hit-or-miss" in their execution" that impacts the momentum of the episode, though feels this is somewhat understandable due to the episode's "likely status as a season 2 holdover". Outside of the Battle of the Gullet, he felt the new characters portrayed by James Norton and Tommy Flanagan, revelation of Ulf's backstory, and scenes between Aemond and Alicent were the main highlights.^[19]

In a positive review, Josh Rosenberg of Esquire wrote, "showrunner Ryan Condal is damn near spot-on in calling the season 3 premiere the “craziest episode of TV ever made,” even if it feels more like the displaced season 2 finale that fans deserved two years ago." He lauded the Battle of the Gullet, calling it "well worth the wait", particularly enjoying the scene where Corlys manoeuvres his ship through the rocky pass, and calling the fight between Alyn and Lohar "easily the climactic highlight". He also praised James Norton's brief introduction as Ormund Hightower, and the performances of Olivia Cooke and Ewan Mitchell during the Alicent and Aemond kiss.^[20]

Daniel Roman of Winter is Coming wrote, "when we look back on House of the Dragon, there's no question that this episode is going to be in the conversation for one of the best the show ever executed. That's not to say it doesn't have some flaws, especially in terms of how it stands in conversation with its source material, but the overall package undeniably delivers." He praised the epsiode's score, the VFX on the dragons, particularly on Sheepstealer, and Phoebe Campbell's performance as Rhaena despite "complicated feelings" on alterations of her story from the books. He also lauded the performances of Cooke and Mitchell, writing, "the verbal sparring between Cooke and Mitchell is excellently delivered, as both Alicent and Aemond realize they've been caught flat-footed by various schemes, even as others move around them without their knowledge", but was critical of the decision to have Aemond kiss her, expressing that it "feels like the writers wanted to remind us of Aemond's issues, and shoe-horned it in". He highlighted Tom Glynn-Carney's performane as Aegon a "standout", Thorn's performance as Lohar, and declared Jace's scenes with Ser Laurent and later with Baela "Harry Collett's two best scenes of the entire series", and praised the conversation between Corlys and Alyn prior to the Battle of the Gullet. Roman called the Battle itself "spectacular" and enjoyed both the dragons and the "grude match" between Corlys and Lohar, and praised the directing and fight choreography. He also felt that the episode "stuck the landing" in regard to Jace's death, and called it "thrilling television that will no doubt stand the test of time as one of the show's best episodes".^[21]

Julia Moore of People.com notes, "[T]he chaos prompts a truly shocking move from Aemond (Ewan Mitchell). During a tense conversation with his mom, Alicent (Olivia Cooke), he then kissed Alicent on the lips. It's a moment that, as Mitchell tells PEOPLE, 'kind of makes you want to throw up in your mouth a little bit.'"^[22]