Scolopendrellidae
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| Scolopendrellidae Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
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| A scolopendrellid from Great Britain | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Myriapoda |
| Class: | Symphyla |
| Family: | Scolopendrellidae Newport, 1844 |
| Genera | |
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See text | |
Scolopendrellidae is a family of pseudocentipedes in the class Symphyla. This family includes nine genera and at least 97 described species.[1][2][3] This family has a subcosmopolitan distribution.[4]
Symphylans in this family usually measure less than 4 mm in length. In this family, the head and neck are not distinctly separated. The antennae usually have fewer than 20 articles and feature two types of setae, with only small branched sensory organs on the most distal segment. The tergites range from 15 to 24 in number. The first tergite can be well developed or quite reduced in size. The area at the end of each of the cerci (spinnerets) is usually striated (i.e., striped).[4]
In this family, the first pair of legs is reduced in size and is never more than half as long as the next pair. In some species, the first leg pair is rudimentary or absent. In the genus Symphylella, for example, these legs are vestigial and reduced to small protuberances, and in the genus Ribautiella, these legs are only rudimentary. In this family, the styli at the base of the legs are poorly developed or rudimentary.[4]
Fossils
Fossils of symphylans are rare and limited to specimens found in amber.[4] This family includes only one species described from a fossil: Symphylella patrickmuelleri, which was discovered in Myanmar and described based on a juvenile found in Burmese amber from the Cenomanian age of the mid Cretaceous period. This specimen is the only fossil representative of this family and dates from about 99 million years ago.[5]