Sharps Formation
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The Sharps Formation is a geologic formation in South Dakota. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene.[1]
| Sharps Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Paleogene | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Sub-units | Rockyford Member[1] |
| Underlies | Monroe Creek Formation[1] |
| Overlies | Brule Formation[1] |
| Location | |
| Region | South Dakota |
| Country | United States |
The Sharps Formation is the namesake of the community of Sharps Corner, South Dakota.[2]
Fossil content
Color key
|
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Mammals
Carnivorans
| Carnivorans reported from the Sharps Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Archaeocyon | A. leptodus | Shannon & Jackson counties, South Dakota.[3] | Middle & upper part of the formation.[3] | Skull elements.[3] | A borophagine dog. |  |
| A. pavidus | Southeast corner of Sheep Mountain, Shannon County, South Dakota.[3] | Lower part of the formation.[3] | 2 partial skeletons.[3] | A borophagine dog. | ||
| Cormocyon | C. haydeni | Wounded Knee area, Shannon County, South Dakota.[3] | Upper part of the formation.[3] | Left maxillary (F:AM 49436).[3] | A borophagine dog. | |
| Cynarctoides | C. lemur | Shannon County, South Dakota.[3] | Lower & upper parts of the formation.[3] | Jaw elements.[3] | A borophagine dog also known from the John Day, Brule & Browns Park formations. |  |
| C. roii | Wounded Knee Area, Shannon County, South Dakota.[1][3] | Upper part of the formation.[3] | Skull elements.[1][3] | A borophagine dog also known from the lower Arikaree Group | ||
| Cynodesmus | C. cooki | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Mandibles.[1] | Reassigned to the genus Otarocyon.[3] | ||
| Ekgmoiteptecela | E. olsontau | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Rockyford Member.[1] | Right ramus (SDSM 54247).[1] | Junior synonym of Hoplophoneus cerebralis.[4] | |
| Enhydrocyon | E. crassidens | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Crania.[1] | A hesperocyonine dog also known from the Harrison Formation. | _fig._6.png) | |
| E. pahinsintewakpa | Wounded Knee Area.[1][5] | Near the top of the formation.[5] | Right mandible.[1][5] | A hesperocyonine dog. |  | |
| Hesperocyon | H. leptodus | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Skull elements.[1] | Reassigned to the genus Archaeocyon.[3] | ||
| Hoplophoneus | H. cerebralis | Wounded Knee Area, South Dakota.[1][4] | Rockyford Member.[1] | Right ramus (SDSM 54247).[1] | A nimravid. |  |
| Leptocyon | L. douglassi | Wounded Knee Area.[6] | Maxillary fragments.[6] | A canine dog also known from the Toston & John Day formations. |  | |
| Mesocyon | M. robustus | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Mandibles.[1] | A hesperocyonine dog. | ||
| "M." temnodon | Shannon County, South Dakota.[5] | Basal part and near the top of the formation.[5] | Rami.[5] | A hesperocyonine dog. | ||
| Nothocyon | N. geismarianus | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Jaw elements.[1] | An arctoid formerly thought to be a canid, also known from the Monroe Creek Formation. | ||
| N. lemur | Wounded Knee Area.[1][3] | Jaw elements.[1][3] | Reassigned to Cynarctoides. | |||
| N. roii | Wounded Knee Area.[1][3] | Skull elements.[1][3] | Reassigned to Cynarctoides. | |||
| Otarocyon | O. cooki | Wounded Knee Area, Shannon County, South Dakota.[3] | Upper part of the formation.[3] | Partial rami.[3] | A small borophagine dog also known from the lower Arikaree Group. |  |
| Palaeogale | P. dorothiae | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Fragment of right mandible (SDSM 53326).[1] | A palaeogalid. |  | |
| Paradaphoenus | P. tooheyi | South Dakota.[7] | Maxilla (LACM 21649).[7] | A bear-dog. | ||
| Philotrox | P. condoni | Wounded Knee area, Shannon County & Quiver Hill localities, Washabaugh County.[5] | Middle member.[5] | Skull and jaw remains.[5] | A hesperocyonine dog also found in the John Day Formation. |  |
| Sunkahetanka | S. geringensis | Wounded Knee Area, Shannon & Jackson counties.[1][5] | Middle member.[5] | Jaw elements.[1][5] | A hesperocyonine dog also known from the topmost part of the Brule Formation. |  |
| S. pahinsintewakpa | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Right mandible.[1] | Reassigned to Enhydrocyon. | |||
Eulipotyphlans
| Eulipotyphlans reported from the Sharps Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Arctoryctes | A. terrenus | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Humeri.[1] | A proscalopid also found in the Rosebud Formation. | ||
| Domnina | D. dakotensis | Wounded Knee Area.[8] | Mandible.[8] | A shrew. | ||
| D. greeni | Wounded Knee Area.[1][8] | Fragment of left mandible (SDSM 5895).[1] | A shrew. | |||
| Domninoides | D. evelynae | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Mandibles.[1] | Species reassigned to Proscalops.[8] | ||
| Ocajila | O. makpiyahe | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Fragment of left mandible (SDSM 56105) & LACM 9491.[1][8] | A gymnure. | ||
| Palaeoscalopus | P. pineridgensis | Wounded Knee Area.[8] | 2 dentaries.[8] | Junior synonym of Quadrodens wilsoni.[8] | ||
| Proscalops | P. evelynae | Wounded Knee Area.[8] | A proscalopid. | |||
| Quadrodens | Q. wilsoni | Wounded Knee Area.[8] | Dentaries.[8] | A talpid mole. | ||
| Talpidae | Genus indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Fragments of 2 upper molars (SDSM 5898).[1] | A talpid mole. | ||
| Trimylus | T. sp. | Wounded Knee Area.[8] | A dentary fragment (LACM 9380) formerly assigned to Ocajila.[8] | A shrew. | ||
Lagomorphs
| Lagomorphs reported from the Sharps Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Megalagus | M. primitivus | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Mandibles.[1] | A leporid. | ||
| ?Palaeolaginae | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Fragment of left mandible (SDSM 5542).[1] | A leporid. | |||
| Palaeolagus | P. hypsodus | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Skull & jaw elements.[1] | A leporid. | ||
| P. philoi | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Jaw elements.[1] | A leporid. | |||
Metatherians
| Metatherians reported from the Sharps Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Herpetotherium | H. youngi | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Jaw elements & teeth.[1] | A herpetotheriid originally reported as Peratherium spindleri.[9] | ||
| Peratherium | P. spindleri | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Jaw elements & teeth.[1] | Junior synonym of Herpetotherium youngi.[9] | ||
Primates
| Primates reported from the Sharps Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Ekgmowechashala | E. philotau | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Jaw elements.[1] | An adapiform. | ||
Rodents
| Rodents reported from the Sharps Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Capacikala | C. gradatus | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Skull elements.[1] | A castorid also known from the John Day Formation. | ||
| Capatanka | C. cankpeopi | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Skull elements.[1] | A castorid. | ||
| Eumys | E. blacki | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Right ramus (SDSM 5574).[1] | A cricetid. | ||
| E. woodi | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Jaw elements.[1] | A cricetid. | |||
| Florentiamys | F. agnewi | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Fragment of left ramus (SDSM 55120).[1] | A florentiamyid. | ||
| Grangerimus | G. dakotensis | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Crania.[1] | A geomyid. | ||
| Heliscomys | H. species indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | 4 isolated molars (SDSM 54365).[1] | A heliscomyid. | ||
| Hitonkala | H. andersontau | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Skull elements.[1] | A heteromyid. | ||
| Meniscomys | M. hippodus | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Left ramus (SDSM 56113).[1] | An aplodontid. | ||
| Palaeocastor | P. nebrascensis | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Numerous skull elements.[1] | A castorid. | ||
| Pleurolicus | P. clasoni | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Fragment of right ramus (SDSM 54388).[1] | A geomyid. | ||
| P. leptophrys | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Right ramus (SDSM 53380).[1] | A geomyid also known from the Rosebud Formation. | |||
| Proheteromys | P. bumpi | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Jaw elements & teeth.[1] | A heteromyid. | ||
| P. fedti | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Right ramus (SDSM 56121).[1] | A heteromyid. | |||
| P. gremmelsi | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Left ramus (SDSM 5574).[1] | A heteromyid. | |||
| Prosciurus | P. dawsonae | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Rami.[1] | An ischyromyid. | ||
| ?P. dawsonae | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Maxillary fragment (SDSM 5598).[1] | An ischyromyid. | |||
| Scottimus | S. sp. indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | 2 isolated upper molars (SDSM 58101).[1] | A cricetid. | ||
| Tamias | Species indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | 9 isolated cheek teeth (SDSM 58100).[1] | A chipmunk. | ||
Ungulates
| Ungulates reported from the Sharps Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Agriochoerus | A. sp. indet. | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Maxillary fragments & lower jaws (SDSM 54161).[1] | A tylopod. |  | |
| Arretotherium | A. sp. indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Isolated molars.[1] | An anthracothere. | ||
| Cyclopidius | C. schucherti | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Skull elements.[1] | |||
| C. simus | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Skull elements.[1] | ||||
| Daeodon | D. sp. | Cedar Pass, Badlands National Monument, South Dakota.[10] | Anterior portion of a skull (SDSM 675).[10] | An entelodont, originally reported as Dinohyus. |  | |
| Desmatochoerus | D. hatcheri geringensis | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | 2 specimens.[1] | An oreodont. | ||
| D. (Paradesmatochoerus) wyomingensis | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Partial cranium.[1] | An oreodont. | |||
| Diceratherium | D. armatum | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Middle & very top of the formation.[1] | Skull & tooth.[1] | A rhinoceros. | |
| D. gregorii | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Skull elements.[1] | A rhinoceros. | |||
| D. cf. gregorii | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Jaw elements.[1] | A rhinoceros. | |||
| Dinohyus | D. sp. | Cedar Pass, Badlands National Monument, South Dakota.[10] | Anterior portion of a skull (SDSM 675).[10] | Junior synonym of Daeodon. | Lower_Miocene_of_Nebraska.jpg) | |
| Hyracodon | H. apertus | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Lower part of the formation.[1] | Partial skull (SDSM 54141).[1] | A hyracodontid. |  |
| ? H. sp. indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Rockyford Member.[1] | Partial mandible (SDSM 54183).[1] | A hyracodontid. |  | |
| Leptochoerus | L. sp. indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Fragment of ramus (SDSM 56101).[1] | A leptochoerid. | ||
| Leptomeryx | L. sp. indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Ramus fragments.[1] | A leptomerycine. | ||
| Mesoreodon | M. megalodon cf. sweeti | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Partial cranium (SDSM 54220).[1] | An oreodont. | ||
| Miohippus | M. equiceps | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Skull elements.[1] | An equid. | ||
| M. near equinanus | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Jaw elements.[1] | An equid. | |||
| Nanotragulus | N. intermedius | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Spread throughout the greater portion of the formation.[1] | Numerous jaw elements.[1] | A hypertragulid. | |
| N. cf. loomisi | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Mandibular & maxillary fragments.[1] | A hypertragulid. | |||
| Oxydactylus | O. cf. wyomingensis | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Skull elements.[1] | A camelid. | _1_(32312306045).jpg) | |
| ?O. sp. indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Mandible fragments of adults.[1] | A camelid. |  | ||
Reptiles
Squamates
| Squamates reported from the Sharps Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Amphisbaenidae | Genus indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | 2 jaw fragments (SDSM 5897).[1] | A worm lizard. | ||
| Anguidae | Genus indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | 30 jaw fragments (SDSM 5896).[1] | An anguid lizard. | ||
| Iguanidae | Genus indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | 11 jaw fragments (SDSM 5829).[1] | An iguanid lizard. | ||
| Macrorhineura | M. skinneri | Wounded Knee, Shannon County, South Dakota.[11] | Anterior portion of skull (LACM 9249).[11] | A worm lizard. |  | |
| Peltosaurus | P. granulosus | Sharps Corner, South Dakota.[12] | Upper part of the formation.[12] | Multiple specimens.[12] | A glyptosaurine lizard also known from the Monroe Creek Formation. |  |
| ?P. sp. indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area.[1] | Jaw fragment (SDSM 5578).[1] | A glyptosaurine lizard. | |||
